See resources for data management and relevant United States policies on data sharing and archiving.
Resources
Responsible Conduct in Data Management
The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Research Integrity (ORI) offers resources for responsible conduct in data management, including selection, collection, analysis, handling, reporting, publishing, and ownership.
Policies
NIH Data Sharing Policy
Effective October 1, 2003, all National Institutes of Health funded research (>$500K) must have a plan to address the sharing and archiving of data.
NSF Data Sharing Policy (see article 44)
The National Science Foundation "expects its awardees to share results of NSF-assisted research and education projects with others both within and outside the scientific and engineering research and education community."
NSF Data Archiving Policy - Division of Social and Economic Sciences