585

Editorial: Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Bone Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A More Precise Image or Just a More Expensive One?

Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, James Woodburn, Lawrence Yao, and Peter E. Lipsky

590

Editorial: Does Activation of the Innate Immune System Contribute to the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Dennis Klinman

594

Review: Interleukin-17 in Rheumatoid Arthritis: If T Cells Were to Contribute to Inflammation and Destruction Through Synergy

Pierre Miossec

602

Review: Immunologic Intervention in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

Guo-Hua Yuan, Kayo Masuko-Hongo, Tomohiro Kato, and Kusuki Nishioka

612

Leonard Trask: The Wonderful Invalid: The First American Description of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Malcolm I. V. Jayson

614

Computerized Measurement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Erosion Volumes in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison With Existing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring Systems and Standard Clinical Outcome Measures

Paul Bird, Marissa Lassere, Ron Shnier, and John Edmonds

625

An Index of the Three Core Data Set Patient Questionnaire Measures Distinguishes Efficacy of Active Treatment From That of Placebo as Effectively as the American College of Rheumatology 20% Response Criteria (ACR20) or the Disease Activity Score (DAS) in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trial

T. Pincus, V. Strand, G. Koch, I. Amara, B. Crawford, F. Wolfe, S. Cohen, and D. Felson

631

Heterogeneity of Response of Rheumatoid Synovium Cell Subsets to Interleukin-18 in Relation to Differential Interleukin-18 Receptor Expression

Masanori Kawashima and Pierre Miossec

638

A Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Haplotype Spanning the Promoter Region Confers Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis

M. Pascual, M. A. Lopez-Nevot, R. Caliz, M. A. Ferrer, A. Balsa, D. Pascual-Salcedo, and J. Martin

642

Bacterial Peptidoglycans but Not CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Activate Synovial Fibroblasts by Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

Diego Kyburz, Janine Rethage, Reinhart Seibl, Roger Lauener, Renate E. Gay, Dennis A. Carson, and Steffen Gay

651

Role of the Tissue Factor Pathway in Synovial Inflammation

Nathalie Busso, Carole Morard, Roberto Salvi, Veronique Peclat, and Alexander So

660

Expression of Pleiotrophin, an Embryonic Growth and Differentiation Factor, in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Thomas Pufe, Michaela Bartscher, Wolf Petersen, Bernhard Tillmann, and Rolf Mentlein

668

Specific Increase in Enzymatic Activity of Adenosine Deaminase 1 in Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts

Yuji Nakamachi, Masahiro Koshiba, Takashi Nakazawa, Saori Hatachi, Ryuichi Saura, Masahiro Kurosaka, Hideaki Kusaka, and Shunichi Kumagai

675

Ethnic and Sex Differences in Serum Levels of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project

Joanne M. Jordan, Gheorghe Luta, Thomas Stabler, Jordan B. Renner, Anca D. Dragomir, Vladimir Vilim, Marc C. Hochberg, Charles G. Helmick, and Virginia B. Kraus

682

Comparison of Tibial Cartilage Volume and Radiologic Grade of the Tibiofemoral Joint

F. M. Cicuttini, A. E. Wluka, A. Forbes, and R. Wolfe

689

Microenvironment Regulation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activity in Chondrocytes: Effects of Culture Configuration, Interleukin-1, and Compressive Stress

Kelvin W. Li, Aaron S. Wang, and Robert L. Sah

700

Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity Is Altered in Osteoarthritic Human Articular Chondrocytes

Emilia Maneiro, Miguel A. Martin, Maria C. de Andres, Maria J. Lopez-Armada, Jose L. Fernandez-Sueiro, Pilar del Hoyo, Fausto Galdo, Joaquin Arenas, and Francisco J. Blanco

709

Inhibition of Cartilage Degradation: A Combined Tissue Engineering and Gene Therapy Approach

Wael Kafienah, Fayza Al-Fayez, Anthony P. Hollander, and Michael D. Barker

719

A Short Course of BG9588 (Anti-CD40 Ligand Antibody) Improves Serologic Activity and Decreases Hematuria in Patients With Proliferative Lupus Glomerulonephritis

Dimitrios T. Boumpas, Richard Furie, Susan Manzi, Gabor G. Illei, Daniel J. Wallace, James E. Balow, and Akshay Vaishnaw, on behalf of the BG9588 Lupus Nephritis Trial Group

728

Randomized Study of Subcutaneous Low Molecular Weight Heparin Plus Aspirin Versus Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Treatment of Recurrent Fetal Loss Associated With Antiphospholipid Antibodies

Giovanni Triolo, Angelo Ferrante, Francesco Ciccia, Antonina Accardo-Palumbo, Antonino Perino, Antonio Castelli, Antonio Giarratano, and Giuseppe Licata

732

Asymptomatic Avascular Necrosis in Patients With Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome in the Absence of Corticosteroid Use: A Prospective Study by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Maria G. Tektonidou, Katerina Malagari, Panayiotis G. Vlachoyiannopoulos, Dimitris A. Kelekis, and Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos

737

Identification and Characterization of a Peptide Mimetic That May Detect a Species of Disease-Associated Anticardiolipin Antibodies in Patients With the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Sudha Visvanathan, Jamie K. Scott, Kwan-Ki Hwang, Michelle Banares, Jennifer M. Grossman, Joan T. Merrill, John FitzGerald, Reginald U. Chukwuocha, Betty P. Tsao, Bevra H. Hahn, and Pojen P. Chen

746

Hydralazine May Induce Autoimmunity by Inhibiting Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway Signaling

Chun Deng, Qianjin Lu, Zhiyong Zhang, Tharaknath Rao, John Attwood, Raymond Yung, and Bruce Richardson

757

Attenuation of Autoimmune Disease in Fas-Deficient Mice by Treatment With a Cytotoxic Benzodiazepine

Jeffrey J. Bednarski, Roscoe E. Warner, Tharaknath Rao, Francesco Leonetti, Raymond Yung, Bruce C. Richardson, Kent J. Johnson, Jonathan A. Ellman, Anthony W. Opipari, Jr., and Gary D. Glick

767

Outcome in Adults With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Quality of Life Study

Helen E. Foster, Nicola Marshall, Andrea Myers, Pippa Dunkley, and Ian D. Griffiths

776

A Rare Case of Juxtaarticular Osteoid Osteoma of the Calcaneus Initially Misdiagnosed as Juvenile Chronic Arthritis

Anastasios Christodoulou, Avraam Ploumis, George Karkavelas, Ioannis Terzidis, and Ioannis Tsagias

780

Down-Regulation of the Nonspecific and Antigen-Specific T Cell Cytokine Response in Ankylosing Spondylitis During Treatment With Infliximab

Jianxiang Zou, Martin Rudwaleit, Jan Brandt, Andreas Thiel, Jurgen Braun, and Joachim Sieper

791

Novel Genetic Markers in the 5`-Flanking Region of ANKH Are Associated With Ankylosing Spondylitis

Florence W. L. Tsui, Hing Wo Tsui, Emily Y. Cheng, Millicent Stone, Ursula Payne, John D. Reveille, Marc J. Shulman, Andrew D. Paterson, and Robert D. Inman

798

Selective Stimulation of Collagen Synthesis in the Presence of Costimulatory Insulin Signaling by Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Scleroderma Fibroblasts

Elizabeth Gore-Hyer, Jaspreet Pannu, Edwin A. Smith, Gary Grotendorst, and Maria Trojanowska

807

Mapping the HLA Association in Behcet's Disease: A Role for Tumor Necrosis Factor Polymorphisms?

Tariq Ahmad, Graham R. Wallace, Teifi James, Matt Neville, Mike Bunce, Kim Mulcahy-Hawes, Alessandro Armuzzi, Jonathan Crawshaw, Farida Fortune, Robert Walton, Miles R. Stanford, Ken I. Welsh, Sara E. Marshall, and Derek P. Jewell

814

Are Environmental Factors Important in Primary Systemic Vasculitis? A Case-Control Study

Suzanne E. Lane, Richard A. Watts, Graham Bentham, Nicholas J. Innes, and David G. I. Scott

824

Serum Osteoprotegerin and Its Ligand in Paget's Disease of Bone: Relationship to Disease Activity and Effect of Treatment With Bisphosphonates

L. Alvarez, P. Peris, N. Guanabens, S. Vidal, I. Ros, F. Pons, X. Filella, A. Monegal, J. Munoz-Gomez, and A. M. Ballesta

829

Intraarticular Corticosteroids, Supervised Physiotherapy, or a Combination of the Two in the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Placebo-Controlled Trial

Simon Carette, Helene Moffet, Johanne Tardif, Louis Bessette, Frederic Morin, Pierre Fremont, Vivian Bykerk, Carter Thorne, Mary Bell, William Bensen, and Caty Blanchette

839

Down-Regulation of Th1-Mediated Pathology in Experimental Arthritis by Stimulation of the Th2 Arm of the Immune Response

Claudia Mauri, Marc Feldmann, and Richard O. Williams

846

Placental Immunomodulator Ferritin, a Novel Immunoregulator, Suppresses Experimental Arthritis

Abraham Weinberger, Marisa Halpern, Muayad A. Zahalka, Francisco Quintana, Leonid Traub, and Chaya Moroz

854

Association of Common Variation in Glutathione S-Transferase Genes With Premature Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis

Colin N. A. Palmer, Vanessa Young, Meilien Ho, Alex Doney, and Jill J. F. Belch

855

Error in Data in Text of Article by Weinblatt et al (Arthritis Rheum, January 2003)

856

The Diagnosis and Prognosis of Early Arthritis: Comment on the Editorial by Scott

Henk Visser and Johanna M. W. Hazes

857

Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comment on the Editorial by Scott

Walther J. van Venrooij, Leo B. A. van de Putte, and Frank H. J. van den Hoogen

857

Reply

David L. Scott

858

Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes From Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Express Less FLICE-Inhibitory Protein Than Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes From Trauma Patients: Comment on the Article by Schedel et al

Tanja C. A. Tolboom, Jan Paul Medema, Floris A. van Gaalen, Elsbet Pieterman, Tom W. J. Huizinga, and Rene E. M. Toes

859

Reply

Jorg Schedel, Christian Seemayer, and Steffen Gay

860

The Promise and Limitations of DNA Microarray Analysis: Comment on the Editorial by Firestein and Pisetsky

Thomas Aigner and Ralf Zimmer

861

Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment: Comment on the Editorial by Firestein and Pisetsky

Oliver Distler, Steffen Gay, Elena Neumann, and Ulf Muller-Ladner

862

Reply

Gary S. Firestein and David S. Pisetsky

862

Is Decaf a Decoy? Comment on the Article by Mikuls et al

Ali Bazzi, Kelly Portnoff, and Ken D. Pischel

863

Dosage and Mode of Administration of Methotrexate in Clinical Trials: Comment on the Article by Genovese et al

Michael Seitz and Peter M. Villiger

863

Dosage of Hydroxychloroquine Should Be Based on Ideal Body Weight: Comment on the Letter by Alarcon

Michael Easterbrook

864

Reply

Graciela S. Alarcon

864

Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis Treated Successfully With an Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Agent: Comment on the Article by Gorman et al

Colleen Matejicka, G. James Morgan, and John G. Schlegelmilch

866

Acute Adverse Reaction to Hylan G-F 20: Comment on the Article by Martens

J. Tomas Gil, P. Lopez Mateu, and J. Alegre

866

Reply

Peter B. Martens

866

HLA-B*2709 and Spondylarthropathies: Comment on the Concise Communication by Olivieri et al

Alessandro Mathieu and Rosa Sorrentino

867

Reply

Ignazio Olivieri, Angela Padula, Giovanni Ciancio, Carlo Guadiano, Santa Masciandaro, and G. B. Ferrara

868

Hidden Costs of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor α Therapy

D. Mulherin and T. P. Sheeran

15A

Cover image: The figure on the cover (from Maneiro et al, page 702) illustrates a fluorescence micrograph of normal human chondrocytes stained with the chemical probe JC-1. Depending on the mitochondrial membrane potential, JC-1 can exist as a monomer and fluoresce green or form an aggregate and fluoresce red. This technique allows assessment of mitochondrial function in conditions such as aging and osteoarthritis.