1471

Editorial: Does Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Play a Role in Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonist Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Julieta Gentiletti and Roy A. Fava

1475

Editorial: C-Reactive Protein as a Regulator of Autoimmunity and Inflammation

Terry W. Du Clos

1478

Editorial: The Role of Leukotrienes in Alveolitis Associated With Scleroderma

Robert W. Simms and Joseph H. Korn

1481

Perspective: Add-On or Step-Up Trials for New Drug Development in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A New Standard?

Maarten Boers

1484

Review: Rituximab Therapy and Autoimmune Disorders: Prospects for Anti-B Cell Therapy

Gregg J. Silverman and Stuart Weisman

1493

Etanercept Added to Background Methotrexate Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Continued Observations

Joel M. Kremer, Michael E. Weinblatt, Arthur D. Bankhurst, Ken J. Bulpitt, Roy M. Fleischmann, Christopher G. Jackson, Kelly M. Atkins, Anyang Feng, and Daniel J. Burge

1500

Clinical Responses to Tumor Necrosis Factor [alpha] Antagonists Do Not Show a Bimodal Distribution: Data From the Stockholm Tumor Necrosis Factor [alpha] Followup Registry

Ronald F. van Vollenhoven and Lars Klareskog

1504

Long-Term Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Antibody Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Sensitizes the Pituitary Gland and Favors Adrenal Androgen Secretion

Rainer H. Straub, Georg Pongratz, Jurgen Scholmerich, Frieder Kees, Thomas F. Schaible, Christian Antoni, Joachim R. Kalden, and Hanns-Martin Lorenz

1513

The Efficacy and Safety of Leflunomide in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Five-Year Followup Study

J. R. Kalden, M. Schattenkirchner, H. Sorensen, P. Emery, C. Deighton, B. Rozman, and F. Breedveld

1521

Anti-Interleukin-6 Receptor Antibody Therapy Reduces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Hideko Nakahara, Jian Song, Masamichi Sugimoto, Keisuke Hagihara, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Kazuyuki Yoshizaki, and Norihiro Nishimoto

1530

Predicting Mortality in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Frederick Wolfe, Kaleb Michaud, Olaf Gefeller, and Hyon K. Choi

1543

Lymphoma Subtypes in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Increased Proportion of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

Eva Baecklund, Christer Sundstrom, Anders Ekbom, Anca I. Catrina, Peter Biberfeld, Nils Feltelius, and Lars Klareskog

1551

Selective Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase 2-Generated Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synoviocytes by Taurine Chloramine

Ewa Kontny, Weronika Rudnicka, Jacek Kowalczewski, Janusz Marcinkiewicz, and Wlodzimierz Maslinski

1556

Asymmetric Knee Loading in Advanced Unilateral Hip Osteoarthritis

Najia Shakoor, Debra E. Hurwitz, Joel A. Block, Susan Shott, and John P. Case

1562

Hsp70 Prevents Nitric Oxide-Induced Apoptosis in Articular Chondrocytes

Ryu Terauchi, Kenji A. Takahashi, Yuji Arai, Takumi Ikeda, Suzuyo Ohashi, Jiro Imanishi, Osam Mazda, and Toshikazu Kubo

1569

Mediation of Interleukin-1[beta]-Induced Transforming Growth Factor [beta]1 Expression by Activator Protein 4 Transcription Factor in Primary Cultures of Bovine Articular Chondrocytes: Possible Cooperation With Activator Protein 1

R. Andriamanalijaona, N. Felisaz, S.-J. Kim, K. King-Jones, M. Lehmann, J.-P. Pujol, and K. Boumediene

1582

In Vivo Selective Inhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1/2 in Rabbit Experimental Osteoarthritis Is Associated With a Reduction in the Development of Structural Changes

Jean-Pierre Pelletier, Julio C. Fernandes, Julie Brunet, Florina Moldovan, Denis Schrier, Craig Flory, and Johanne Martel-Pelletier

1594

Effects of Antiinflammatory Drugs on Arthritic Cartilage: A High-Frequency Quantitative Ultrasound Study in Rats

Britta Jaffre, Astrid Watrin, Damien Loeuille, Pierre Gillet, Patrick Netter, Pascal Laugier, and Amena Saied

1602

Delayed Lupus Onset in (NZB x NZW)F1 Mice Expressing a Human C-Reactive Protein Transgene

Alexander J. Szalai, Casey T. Weaver, Mark A. McCrory, Frederik W. van Ginkel, Rachael M. Reiman, John F. Kearney, Tony N. Marion, and John E. Volanakis

1612

Differential Control of CD22 Ligand Expression on B and T Lymphocytes, and Enhanced Expression in Murine Systemic Lupus

Frederic Lajaunias, Akinori Ida, Shuichi Kikuchi, Liliane Fossati-Jimack, Eduardo Martinez-Soria, Thomas Moll, Che-Leung Law, and Shozo Izui

1622

A Thrombin-Cross-Reactive Anticardiolipin Antibody Binds to and Inhibits the Anticoagulant Function of Activated Protein C

Kwan-Ki Hwang, Cheng-De Yang, Weihong Yan, Jennifer M. Grossman, Bevra H. Hahn, and Pojen P. Chen

1631

Frequent Infection With a Viral Pathogen, Parvovirus B19, in Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood

Hartwig W. Lehmann, Antje Knoll, Rolf-Michael Kuster, and Susanne Modrow

1639

Elevated Levels of Leukotriene B4 and Leukotriene E4 in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Patients With Scleroderma Lung Disease

Otylia Kowal-Bielecka, Oliver Distler, Krzysztof Kowal, Zenon Siergiejko, Justyna Chwiecko, Agnieszka Sulik, Renate E. Gay, Anna Bodzenta |fLukaszyk, Steffen Gay, and Stanis|flaw Sierakowski

1647

Anti-c-Mpl (Thrombopoietin Receptor) Autoantibody-Induced Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia in a Patient With Systemic Sclerosis

Yasuhiro Katsumata, Takahiro Suzuki, Masataka Kuwana, Yutaka Hattori, Satoshi Akizuki, Hitoshi Sugiura, and Yasuo Matsuoka

1652

Epidermal Growth Factor Up-Regulates Expression of Transforming Growth Factor [beta] Receptor Type II in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway: Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Stimulation in Scleroderma Fibroblasts

Kenichi Yamane, Hironobu Ihn, and Kunihiko Tamaki

1667

Six-Month Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Etanercept Treatment in Patients With Active Ankylosing Spondylitis

J. Brandt, A. Khariouzov, J. Listing, H. Haibel, H. Sorensen, L. Grassnickel, M. Rudwaleit, J. Sieper, and J. Braun

1676

Increased Perivascular Synovial Membrane Expression of Myeloid-Related Proteins in Psoriatic Arthritis

David Kane, Johannes Roth, Michael Frosch, Thomas Vogl, Barry Bresnihan, and Oliver FitzGerald

1686

Association of Widespread Body Pain With an Increased Risk of Cancer and Reduced Cancer Survival: A Prospective, Population-Based Study

John McBeth, Alan J. Silman, and Gary J. Macfarlane

1693

High Mobility Group Box Chromosomal Protein 1, a DNA Binding Cytokine, Induces Arthritis

Rille Pullerits, Ing-Marie Jonsson, Margareta Verdrengh, Maria Bokarewa, Ulf Andersson, Helena Erlandsson-Harris, and Andrej Tarkowski

1701

Influence of Stimulatory and Suppressive DNA Motifs on Host Susceptibility to Inflammatory Arthritis

Rainald A. Zeuner, Daniela Verthelyi, Mayda Gursel, Ken J. Ishii, and Dennis M. Klinman

1708

Sex Effect on Clinical and Immunologic Quantitative Trait Loci in a Murine Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Vyacheslav A. Adarichev, Andrew B. Nesterovitch, Tamas Bardos, Darci Biesczat, Raman Chandrasekaran, Csaba Vermes, Katalin Mikecz, Alison Finnegan, and Tibor T. Glant

1721

Blockade of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Prevents Joint Destruction and Granuloma Formation in Streptococcal Cell Wall-Induced Arthritis

J. L. Funk, J. Chen, K. J. Downey, S. M. Davee, and G. Stafford

1732

Effect of Minodronic Acid (ONO-5920) on Bone Mineral Density and Arthritis in Adult Rats With Collagen-Induced Arthritis

Itsuro Yamane, Hiroshi Hagino, Toru Okano, Makoto Enokida, Daisuke Yamasaki, and Ryota Teshima

1742

Broad-Spectrum Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Marimastat-Induced Musculoskeletal Side Effects in Rats

Richard Renkiewicz, Luping Qiu, Charles Lesch, Xin Sun, Radhika Devalaraja, Theresa Cody, Eric Kaldjian, Howard Welgus, and Vijaykumar Baragi

1750

Growth Plate Damage, a Feature of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Can Be Induced by Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Oncostatin M: A Comparative Study in Gene-Deficient Mice

Alfons S. K. de Hooge, Fons A. J. van de Loo, Miranda B. Bennink, Onno J. Arntz, Theo J. W. Fiselier, Marcel J. A. M. Franssen, Leo A. B. Joosten, Peter L. E. M. van Lent, Carl D. Richards, and Wim B. van den Berg

1762

Female Sex Increases Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis Only in Individuals Encoding Low-Risk HLA-DRB1 Alleles

Niek de Vries, Paul P. Tak, Henk Tijssen, Piet L. C. M. van Riel, and Leo B. A. van de Putte

1763

Erratum

Omission of grant support information in article by Yasuda et al (Arthritis Rheum, May 2003)

1764

New American Academy of Ophthalmology Recommendations on Screening for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy

Michael F. Marmor

1764

Report of an Additional Case of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy and Listeria monocytogenes Infection: Comment on the Letter by Gluck et al

Angel Garcia Aparicio, Santiago Munoz-Fernandez, Gema Bonilla, Ambrosio Miralles, Victor Cerdeno, and Emilio Martin-Mola

1765

Reply

Thomas Gluck and U. Muller-Ladner

1766

Pseudoscleroderma Associated With Transforming Growth Factor [beta]1-Producing Advanced Gastric Carcinoma: Comment on the Article by Varga

Takao Fujii, Tsuneyo Mimori, Noriko Kimura, Shinji Satoh, and Michito Hirakata

1767

Reply

John Varga

1768

Emerging Clinical Spectrum of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome: Comment on the Articles by Hull et al and Dode et al

E. Drewe, P. C. Lanyon, and R. J. Powell

1769

Reply

Keith M. Hull and Daniel L. Kastner

1770

Tumoral Calcinosis Associated With Sarcoidosis

John D. Carter and Elizabeth Warner

Cover image: The figure on the cover (from Szalai et al, page 1607) illustrates immunofluorescence staining for mouse IgG (red) and mouse C3 (green) in the kidney of an autoimmune (NZB x NZW) mouse expressing a human C-reactive protein transgene. This study points to the role of C-reactive protein in the clearance of immune complexes and its potential role in modifying nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus.