1771

Editorial: Understanding the Window of Opportunity Concept in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

Maarten Boers

1775

Editorial: Cervical Spine Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: How Common a Finding? How Uncommon a Problem?

Eric L. Matteson

1779

Editorial: Altered Negative Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor [beta] Signaling in Scleroderma: Potential Involvement of SMURF2 in Disease

Michael J. Zuscik, Randy N. Rosier, and Edward M. Schwarz

1781

Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Rheumatic Disease Treatments: Obstacles and Proposed Solutions

David T. Felson

1788

Review: Immune Regulation in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis: Possible Implications for Innovative Therapeutic Strategies in Arthritis

Willem van Eden and Byron H. Waksman

1797

Five-Year Followup of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients After Early Treatment With Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Versus Treatment According to the Pyramid Approach in the First Year

Suzan M. M. Verstappen, Johannes W. G. Jacobs, Johannes W. J. Bijlsma, Anton H. M. Heurkens, Christina van Booma-Frankfort, Evert Jan ter Borg, Dick M. Hofman, and Maaike J. van der Veen, on behalf of the Utrecht Arthritis Cohort Study Group

1808

Early and Extensive Erosiveness in Peripheral Joints Predicts Atlantoaxial Subluxations in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Marko Henrik Neva, Pia Isomaki, Pekka Hannonen, Markku Kauppi, Eswar Krishnan, and Tuulikki Sokka

1814

Bone Edema Scored on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans of the Dominant Carpus at Presentation Predicts Radiographic Joint Damage of the Hands and Feet Six Years Later in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Fiona M. McQueen, Nick Benton, David Perry, Jeff Crabbe, Elizabeth Robinson, Sue Yeoman, Lachy McLean, and Neal Stewart

1828

Doppler Sonographic Findings in the Long Bicipital Tendon Sheath in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis as Compared With Patients With Degenerative Diseases of the Shoulder

Johannes Strunk, Uwe Lange, Bernhard Kurten, Klaus Louis Schmidt, and Gunther Neeck

1833

Association Between Carotid Atherosclerosis and Markers of Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Healthy Subjects

Inmaculada del Rincon, Ken Williams, Michael P. Stern, Gregory L. Freeman, Daniel H. O'Leary, and Agustin Escalante

1841

Association of the -2849 Interleukin-10 Promoter Polymorphism With Autoantibody Production and Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis

L. R. Lard, F. A. van Gaalen, J. J. M. Schonkeren, E. J. Pieterman, G. Stoeken, K. Vos, R. G. H. H. Nelissen, R. G. J. Westendorp, R. C. Hoeben, F. C. Breedveld, R. E. M. Toes, and T. W. J. Huizinga

1849

Polymorphism at Position -308 of the Tumor Necrosis Factor [alpha] Gene Influences Outcome of Infliximab Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Benedicte Mugnier, Nathalie Balandraud, Albert Darque, Chantal Roudier, Jean Roudier, and Denis Reviron

1853

Salmonella Septicemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Receiving Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy: Association With Decreased Interferon-[gamma] Production and Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression

1858

Expression of Activation-Induced, T Cell-Derived, and Chemokine-Related Cytokine/Lymphotactin and Its Functional Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Sabine Blaschke, Peter Middel, Brigitte G. Dorner, Volker Blaschke, Klaus M. Hummel, Richard A. Kroczek, Kristian Reich, Peter Benoehr, Michael Koziolek, and Gerhard A. Muller

1873

Functional Characterization of Adherent Synovial Fluid Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Destructive Potential In Vitro and In Vivo

Michel Neidhart, Christian A. Seemayer, Klaus M. Hummel, Beat A. Michel, Renate E. Gay, and Steffen Gay

1881

Regulation of p53 by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Inflammatory Arthritis

Michelle Leech, Derek Lacey, Jin Rong Xue, Leilani Santos, Paul Hutchinson, Ernst Wolvetang, John R. David, Richard Bucala, and Eric F. Morand

1890

Role of Crk-Associated Substrate Lymphocyte Type in the Pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis in tax Transgenic Mice and in Humans

Rikako Miyake-Nishijima, Satoshi Iwata, Shinobu Saijo, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Seiji Kobayashi, Akiko Souta-Kuribara, Osamu Hosono, Hiroshi Kawasaki, Hirotoshi Tanaka, Eiji Ikeda, Yasunori Okada, Yoichiro Iwakura, and Chikao Morimoto

1901

Heterogeneous Requirement of I[Kappa]B Kinase 2 for Inflammatory Cytokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Production in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Therapy

Evangelos Andreakos, Clive Smith, Serafim Kiriakidis, Claudia Monaco, Rainer de Martin, Fionula M. Brennan, Ewa Paleolog, Marc Feldmann, and Brian M. Foxwell

1913

Estrogen Receptor [alpha] Gene Haplotype Is Associated With Radiographic Osteoarthritis of the Knee in Elderly Men and Women

Arjan P. Bergink, Joyce B. van Meurs, John Loughlin, Pascal P. Arp, Yue Fang, Albert Hofman, Johannes P. T. M. van Leeuwen, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Andre G. Uitterlinden, and Huibert A. P. Pols

1923

Mechanical Effects of the Intraarticular Administration of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Plus Phospholipid on Synovial Joint Lubrication and Prevention of Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Experimental Osteoarthritis

Tsutomu Kawano, Hiromasa Miura, Taro Mawatari, Takaaki Moro-Oka, Yoshitaka Nakanishi, Hidehiko Higaki, and Yukihide Iwamoto

1930

Role of the Fc[gamma] Receptor IIA Polymorphism in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An International Meta-Analysis

Fotini B. Karassa, Marc Bijl, Kevin A. Davies, Cees G. M. Kallenberg, Munther A. Khamashta, Karin Manger, Marc Michel, Jean-Charles Piette, Jane E. Salmon, Yeong Wook Song, Naoyuki Tsuchiya, Dae-Hyun Yoo, and John P. A. Ioannidis

1939

Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Rheumatic Disease Are Associated With Parvovirus B19 Infection

Philipp von Landenberg, Hartwig W. Lehmann, Antje Knoll, Simone Dorsch, and Susanne Modrow

1948

Reconstitution of Deficient T Cell Receptor [zeta]  Chain Restores T Cell Signaling and Augments T Cell Receptor/CD3-Induced Interleukin-2 Production in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Madhusoodana P. Nambiar, Carolyn U. Fisher, Vishal G. Warke, Sandeep Krishnan, Jeanne P. Mitchell, Nancy Delaney, and George C. Tsokos

1956

Analysis of Systemic Sclerosis in Twins Reveals Low Concordance for Disease and High Concordance for the Presence of Antinuclear Antibodies

Carol Feghali-Bostwick, Thomas A. Medsger, Jr., and Timothy M. Wright

1964

Expression and Regulation of Intracellular SMAD Signaling in Scleroderma Skin Fibroblasts

Yasuji Mori, Shu-Jen Chen, and John Varga

1979

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 3 as a Mediator of Fibrosis: Overexpression in Systemic Sclerosis and the Type 1 Tight-Skin Mouse

Voon H. Ong, Lowri A. Evans, Xu Shiwen, Ivan B. Fisher, Vineeth Rajkumar, David J. Abraham, Carol M. Black, and Christopher P. Denton

1992

Increased Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Endothelin 1 Levels in Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon: Implications for Vascular Dysfunction and Progression of Disease

Sanjay Rajagopalan, Dana Pfenninger, Christine Kehrer, Anjan Chakrabarti, Emily Somers, Robert Pavlic, Debabrata Mukherjee, Robert Brook, Louis G. D'Alecy, and Mariana J. Kaplan

2001

The Spontaneous Remission of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Is Characterized by CD30+ T Cells Directed to Human Heat-Shock Protein 60 Capable of Producing the Regulatory Cytokine Interleukin-10

I. M. de Kleer, S. M. Kamphuis, G. T. Rijkers, L. Scholtens, G. Gordon, W. de Jager, R. Hafner, R. van de Zee, W. van Eden, W. Kuis, and B. J. Prakken

2011

High-Throughput Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of the IL1RN Locus in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Walter P. Maksymowych, Jeff P. Reeve, John D. Reveille, Joshua M. Akey, Heidi Buenviaje, Lori O'Brien, Paul M. Peloso, Glen T. Thomson, Li Jin, and Anthony S. Russell

2019

Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor [alpha] Therapy in Fifteen Patients With AA Amyloidosis Secondary to Inflammatory Arthritides: A Followup Report of Tolerability and Efficacy

Jacques-Eric Gottenberg, Florence Merle-Vincent, Fabrice Bentaberry, Yannick Allanore, Francis Berenbaum, Bruno Fautrel, Bernard Combe, Antoine Durbach, Jean Sibilia, Maxime Dougados, and Xavier Mariette, for the Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation

Human [alpha]-Enolase From Endothelial Cells as a Target Antigen of Anti-Endothelial Cell Antibody in Behcet's Disease

Kwang Hoon Lee, Hae-Shin Chung, Hyoung Sup Kim, Sang-Ho Oh, Moon-Kyung Ha, Ja-Hyun Baik, Sungnack Lee, and Dongsik Bang

2036

Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase Overactivity as a Cause of Uric Acid Overproduction in a Young Woman

Pablo Garcia-Pavia, Rosa J. Torres, Manuel Rivero, Maqbool Ahmed, Juan Garcia-Puig, and Michael A. Becker

2042

Osteoprotegerin Protects Against Generalized Bone Loss in Tumor Necrosis Factor-Transgenic Mice

Georg Schett, Kurt Redlich, Silvia Hayer, Jochen Zwerina, Brad Bolon, Colin Dunstan, Birgit Gortz, Andreas Schulz, Helga Bergmeister, Giorgos Kollias, Gunter Steiner, and Josef S. Smolen

2052

Successful Treatment of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice and Rats by Targeting Extracellular High Mobility Group Box Chromosomal Protein 1 Activity

R. Kokkola, J. Li, E. Sundberg, A.-C. Aveberger, K. Palmblad, H. Yang, K. J. Tracey, U. Andersson, and H. Erlandsson Harris

2059

Complete Remission of Experimental Arthritis by Joint Targeting of Glucocorticoids With Long-Circulating Liposomes

Josbert M. Metselaar, Marca H. M. Wauben, Josee P. A. Wagenaar-Hilbers, Otto C. Boerman, and Gert Storm

2067

The Impact of the 1997 Update of the American College of Rheumatology Revised Criteria for the Classification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: What Has Been Changed?

Marie Feletar, Dominique Ibanez, Murray B. Urowitz, and Dafna D. Gladman

2069

Induction of p16 at Sites of Cartilage Invasion in the SCID Mouse Coimplantation Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Peter Kuenzler, Stefan Kuchen, Veronika Rihoskova, Beat A. Michel, Renate E. Gay, Michel Neidhart, Steffen Gay, and Christian A. Seemayer

2074

Acetaminophen Not Associated With Gastrointestinal Toxicity: Comment on the Article by Rahme et al

Byron L. Cryer

2075

Concerns About Gastrointestinal Safety of Acetaminophen: Comment on the Article by Rahme et al

Bernard Bannwarth

2075

Reply

Elham Rahme

2077

Pulmonary Rheumatoid Nodules in an Etanercept-Treated Patient

Osvaldo Hubscher, Ricardo Re, and Roberto Iotti

2078

Acute Injection Site Reaction to Intraarticular Etanercept Administration

Erin L. Arnold, Dinesh Khanna, Harold Paulus, and Mark P. Goodman

2079

Long-Term Outcome of Etanercept Therapy in Children With Treatment-Refractory Uveitis

Andreas Reiff

2080

Does the Cellular Localization of Antigens in or on Apoptotic Blebs Influence the Pathogenicity or Benefit of Cognate Antibodies? Comment on the Article by Dieude et al

Robert M. Clancy, Edward K. L. Chan, Sarayu Chandrashekhar, and Jill P. Buyon

2082

Reply

Melanie Dieude, Yves Raymond, and Jean-Luc Senecal

2083

FCP (http://fibro.biobitfield.com/fcp.php): A Bioinformatic Tool Assisting in PubMed Searches for Literature on Fibrosis-Related Cytokines

Sergei P. Atamas

Cover image: The figure on the cover (from Nambiar et al, page 1953) depicts a merged image of immunofluorescence staining for anti-CD3 and anti-linker for activation of T cells in stimulated systemic lupus erythematosus T cells. This system allows investigation of the basis of aberrant signaling in T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.