1699

Editorial: Cell Death, Autoantigen Cleavage, and Autoimmunity

K. Michael Pollard

1703

Review: Scleroderma and Smads: Dysfunctional Smad Family Dynamics Culminating in Fibrosis

John Varga

1714

Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Morphologic Evidence Obtained by Carotid Ultrasound

Yong-Beom Park, Chul-Woo Ahn, Hyon K. Choi, Seung-Hoon Lee, Byung-Hyun In, Hyun-Chul Lee, Chung-Mo Nam, and Soo-Kon Lee

1720

Bone Loss in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Population-Based Cohort of 366 Patients Followed Up for Two Years

Glenn Haugeberg, Ragnhild E. Orstavik, Till Uhlig, Jan A. Falch, Johan I. Halse, and Tore K. Kvien

1729

An Epidemiologic Study of Trends in Prevalence of Rheumatoid Factor Seropositivity in Pima Indians: Evidence of a Decline Due to Both Secular and Birth-Cohort Influences

Ian Enzer, Graham Dunn, Lennart Jacobsson, Peter H. Bennett, William C. Knowler, and Alan Silman

1735

Benefit of an Extract of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Xuelian Tao, Jean Younger, Fred Z. Fan, Betty Wang, and Peter E. Lipsky

1744

High Levels of Osteoprotegerin and Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor [Kappa]B Ligand in Serum of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Their Normalization After Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor [alpha] Treatment

Maria Ziolkowska, Mariola Kurowska, Anna Radzikowska, Grazyna Luszczykiewicz, Piotr Wiland, Wojciech Dziewczopolski, Anna Filipowicz-Sosnowska, Jacek Pazdur, Jacek Szechinski, Jacek Kowalczewski, Maria Rell-Bakalarska, and Wlodzimierz Maslinski

1754

Stromelysin 1 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 3) and HLA-DRB1 Gene Polymorphisms: Association With Severity and Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Prospective Study

Arnaud Constantin, Valerie Lauwers-Cances, Frederique Navaux, Michel Abbal, Joost van Meerwijk, Bernard Mazieres, Anne Cambon-Thomsen, and Alain Cantagrel

1763

A Subset of Natural Killer Cells Is Greatly Expanded Within Inflamed Joints

Nicola Dalbeth and Margaret F. C. Callan

1773

Very Low Prevalence of Hip Osteoarthritis Among Chinese Elderly in Beijing, China, Compared With Whites in the United States: The Beijing Osteoarthritis Study

Michael C. Nevitt, Ling Xu, Yuqing Zhang, Li-Yung Lui, Wei Yu, Nancy E. Lane, Mingwei Qin, Marc C. Hochberg, Steven R. Cummings, and David T. Felson

1780

Finer Linkage Mapping of Primary Hip Osteoarthritis Susceptibility on Chromosome 11q in a Cohort of Affected Female Sibling Pairs

Kay Chapman, Zehra Mustafa, Barbara Dowling, Lorraine Southam, Andrew Carr, and John Loughlin

1784

Avoidance of Activity and Disability in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee: The Mediating Role of Muscle Strength

M. P. M. Steultjens, J. Dekker, and J. W. J. Bijlsma

1789

Cyclooxygenase 2-Dependent Prostaglandin E2 Modulates Cartilage Proteoglycan Degradation in Human Osteoarthritis Explants

Medora M. Hardy, Karen Seibert, Pamela T. Manning, Mark G. Currie, B. Mark Woerner, Dorothy Edwards, Alane Koki, and Catherine S. Tripp

1804

Study of the Role of Leukotriene B4 in Abnormal Function of Human Subchondral Osteoarthritis Osteoblasts: Effects of Cyclooxygenase and/or 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition

Yosabeth Paredes, Frederic Massicotte, Jean-Pierre Pelletier, Johanne Martel-Pelletier, Stefan Laufer, and Daniel Lajeunesse

1813

Use of Joint Fluid Analysis for Determining Cartilage Damage in Osteonecrosis of the Knee

Tomoyuki Saito, Ryouhei Takeuchi, Shigeyuki Mitsuhashi, Masaaki Uesugi, Takuji Yoshida, and Tomihisa Koshino

1820

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Autoimmunity Effects of Prasterone on Corticosteroid Requirements of Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Michelle A. Petri, Robert G. Lahita, Ronald F. van Vollenhoven, Joan T. Merrill, Michael Schiff, Ellen M. Ginzler, Vibeke Strand, Arlene Kunz, Kenneth J. Gorelick, and Kenneth E. Schwartz, for the GL701 Lupus Study Group

1830

Hormonal and Reproductive Risk Factors for Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results of a Population-Based, Case-Control Study

Glinda S. Cooper, Mary Anne Dooley, Edward L. Treadwell, E. William St.Clair, and Gary S. Gilkeson

1840

Occupational Exposure to Crystalline Silica and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Population-Based, Case-Control Study in the Southeastern United States

Christine G. Parks, Glinda S. Cooper, Leena A. Nylander-French, Wayne T. Sanderson, John M. Dement, Philip L. Cohen, Mary Anne Dooley, Edward L. Treadwell, E. William St.Clair, Gary S. Gilkeson, Jane A. Hoppin, and David A. Savitz

1851

Increased Prevalence of Familial Autoimmunity in Simplex and Multiplex Families With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Sampath Prahalad, Edith S. Shear, Susan D. Thompson, Edward H. Giannini, and David N. Glass

1857

Dysregulation of Transforming Growth Factor [beta] Signaling in Scleroderma: Overexpression of Endoglin in Cutaneous Scleroderma Fibroblasts

A. Leask, D. J. Abraham, D. R. Finlay, A. Holmes, D. Pennington, X. Shi-Wen, Y. Chen, K. Venstrom, X. Dou, M. Ponticos, C. Black, J. K. Jackman, P. R. Findell, and M. K. Connolly

1866

Development of a CENP-A/CENP-B-Specific Immune Response in a Patient With Systemic Sclerosis

Michael Mahler, Rudolf Mierau, Ekkehard Genth, and Martin Blthner

1873

Recognition of Granzyme B-Generated Autoantigen Fragments in Scleroderma Patients With Ischemic Digital Loss

Lionel Schachna, Fredrick M. Wigley, Steven Morris, Allan C. Gelber, Antony Rosen, and Livia Casciola-Rosen

1885

Differences in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy Phenotypes and Genotypes Between Mesoamerican Mestizos and North American Caucasians: Ethnogeographic Influences in the Genetics and Clinical Expression of Myositis

Ejaz A. Shamim, Lisa G. Rider, Janardan P. Pandey, Terrance P. O'Hanlon, Luis J. Jara, Eduardo A. Samayoa, Ruben Burgos-Vargas, Janitzia Vazquez-Mellado, Jorge Alcocer-Varela, Mario Salazar-Paramo, Abraham Garcia Kutzbach, James D. Malley, Ira N. Targoff, Ignacio Garcia-De La Torre, and Frederick W. Miller

1894

In Vitro Cytokine Production and Proliferation of T Cells From Patients With Anti-Proteinase 3- and Antimyeloperoxidase-Associated Vasculitis, in Response to Proteinase 3 and Myeloperoxidase

E. R. Popa, C. F. M. Franssen, P. C. Limburg, M. G. Huitema, C. G. M. Kallenberg, and J. W. Cohen Tervaert

1905

A Pulse-Chase Study Tracking the Conversion of Macrophage-Endocytosed Serum Amyloid A Into Extracellular Amyloid

Barbara Kluve-Beckerman, John J. Manaloor, and Juris J. Liepnieks

1914

Discriminatory Sonographic Criteria for the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

S. M. Wong, J. F. Griffith, A. C. F. Hui, A. Tang, and K. S. Wong

1922

Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in a Patient With Fabry's Disease: Identification of Ceramide Trihexoside in the Bone by Delayed-Extraction Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Hiroshi Horiuchi, Naoto Saito, Seneki Kobayashi, Hiroyoshi Ota, Tamotsu Taketomi, and Kunio Takaoka

1926

Kinetics of Bone Protection by Recombinant Osteoprotegerin Therapy in Lewis Rats With Adjuvant Arthritis

Giuseppe Campagnuolo, Brad Bolon, and Ulrich Feige

1937

Inhibition of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis by Interleukin-10-Driven Regulatory Cells Induced Via Nasal Administration of a Peptide Analog of an Arthritis-Related Heat-Shock Protein 60 T Cell Epitope

Berent J. Prakken, Sarah Roord, Peter J. S. van Kooten, Josee P. A. Wagenaar, Willem van Eden, Salvatore Albani, and Marca H. M. Wauben

1947

Folate-Targeted Imaging of Activated Macrophages in Rats With Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis

Mary Jo Turk, Gert J. Breur, William R. Widmer, Chrystal M. Paulos, Le-Cun Xu, Lee Ann Grote, and Philip S. Low

1956

Effects of Long-Term Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Osteoarthritis Severity in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Kimberley D. Ham, Richard F. Loeser, Bruce R. Lindgren, and Cathy S. Carlson

1964

New Address, Phone, and Fax Numbers for Arthritis & Rheumatism Editorial Office

1965

Sustained Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor [alpha]-Blocking Agents in Two Patients With SAPHO Syndrome

Annette D. Wagner, Jan Andresen, Michael C. Jendro, Jan L. Hulsemann, and Henning Zeidler

1968

Osteosclerotic Myeloma Associated With the POEMS Syndrome

James B. Chung and Daniel A. Albert

1969

High-Resolution Ultrasound for the Study of Target Joints in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Graciela S. Alarcon, Robert Lopez-Ben, and Larry W. Moreland

1970

Reply

Richard J. Wakefield, Philip G. Conaghan, Philip O'Connor, Wayne W. Gibbon, Dennis McGonagle, and Paul Emery

1971

Can Very High-Dose Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockade at Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis Produce Long-Term Remission?

Philip G. Conaghan, Mark A. Quinn, Philip O'Connor, Richard J. Wakefield, Zunaid Karim, and Paul Emery

1973

Reply

Ravinder N. Maini

1973

Morbidity Not Increased in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient With Profound Lymphopenia Following CD4 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy: Comment on the Article by Isaacs et al

Yamini Menon, Ranju Singh, Raquel Cuchacovich, and Luis R. Espinoza

1974

Reply

John D. Isaacs, Herman Waldmann, Geoff Hale, and Brian L. Hazleman

1974

DNASE I Mutation and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Spanish Population: Comment on the Article by Tew et al

Eva Balada, Josep Ordi-Ros, Susana Hernanz, Julieta Villarreal, Fina Cortes, Miquel Vilardell-Tarres, and Moises Labrador

1976

Reply

Monty B. Tew, Randall W. Johnson, John D. Reveille, and Filemon K. Tan

1977

Call For a Trial of Lyprinol, An Over-The-Counter 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor: Comment on the Article by Kowal-Bielecka et al

Michael W. Whitehouse

1978

Reply

Oliver Distler, Otylia Kowal-Bielecka, and Steffen Gay

1978

Congenital Fascial Dystrophy, a New Scleroderma-Like Genetic Disease With Limitation of Joint Mobility: Comment on the Clinical Image Presented by Di Rocco

Stefania Jablonska

1980

Cognitive Function in Fibromyalgia: Comment on the Article by Park et al

A. S. Russell and Roger Gervais

1980

Reply

Denise C. Park, Jennifer Glass, and Leslie Crofford

25A

ACR Announcements

Cover image: The figure on the cover (from Turk et al, page 1949) illustrates gamma camera imaging of hind limbs of arthritic rats injected with folic acid conjugated with a 99mTc chelator. This scintigraphic approach, which detects cells with high-affinity folate receptors, measures macrophages and could be useful in assessing inflammation in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.