283

Editorial: Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis Early: A Window of Opportunity?

James R. O'Dell

286

Editorial: The Diagnosis and Prognosis of Early Arthritis: Rationale for New Prognostic Criteria

David L. Scott

291

Editorial and Review: Pregnancy and Microchimerism in Autoimmune Disease: Protector or Insurgent?

J. Lee Nelson

298

Review: How Important Are T Cells in Chronic Rheumatoid Synovitis? II. T Cell-Independent Mechanisms From Beginning to End

Gary S. Firestein and Nathan J. Zvaifler

309

Review: Management of Uveitis: A Rheumatologic Perspective

Justine R. Smith and James T. Rosenbaum

319

Review: Diagnosing Reactive Arthritis: Role of Clinical Setting in the Value of Serologic and Microbiologic Assays

Joachim Sieper, Martin Rudwaleit, Jurgen Braun, and Desiree van der Heijde

328

Guidelines for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: 2002 Update

American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis Guidelines

347

COBRA Combination Therapy in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Long-Term Structural Benefits of a Brief Intervention

Robert B. M. Landewe, Maarten Boers, Arco C. Verhoeven, Rene Westhovens, Mart A. F. J. van de Laar, Harry M. Markusse, J. Christiaan van Denderen, Marie Louise Westedt, Andre J. Peeters, Ben A. C. Dijkmans, Piet Jacobs, Annelies Boonen, Desiree M. F. M. van der Heijde, and Sjef van der Linden

357

How to Diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis Early: A Prediction Model for Persistent (Erosive) Arthritis

Henk Visser, Saskia le Cessie, Koen Vos, Ferdinand C. Breedveld, and Johanna M. W. Hazes

366

Comparative Assessment of Leflunomide and Methotrexate for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, by Dynamic Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Richard J. Reece, Maarten C. Kraan, Aleksandra Radjenovic, Douglas J. Veale, P. J. O'Connor, John P. Ridgway, W. W. Gibbon, Ferdinand C. Breedveld, Paul P. Tak, and Paul Emery

373

Expression of Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer and Enhancement of the Production of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Tetsuya Tomita, Takanobu Nakase, Motoharu Kaneko, Kenrin Shi, Koichiro Takahi, Takahiro Ochi, and Hideki Yoshikawa

379

Involvement of CD4+,CD57+ T Cells in the Disease Activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Takeshi Maeda, Hisakata Yamada, Ryuji Nagamine, Toshihide Shuto, Yasuharu Nakashima, Go Hirata, and Yukihide Iwamoto

385

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Normal and Osteoarthritic Trabecular Bone Structure in the Human Knee

Olivier Beuf, Srinka Ghosh, David C. Newitt, Thomas M. Link, Lynne Steinbach, Michael Ries, Nancy Lane, and Sharmila Majumdar

394

Nitric Oxide-Mediated Chondrocyte Cell Death Requires the Generation of Additional Reactive Oxygen Species

Marcello Del Carlo, Jr. and Richard F. Loeser

404

Assessment of the Gene Expression Profile of Differentiated and Dedifferentiated Human Fetal Chondrocytes by Microarray Analysis

David G. Stokes, Gang Liu, Ibsen B. Coimbra, Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez, Robert M. Crowl, and Sergio A. Jimenez

420

Urea as a Passive Transport Marker for Arthritis Biomarker Studies

Virginia B. Kraus, Janet L. Huebner, Christian Fink, Jeffrey B. King, Spencer Brown, T. Parker Vail, and Farshid Guilak

428

Increased Prevalence of Renal Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Families With Affected Male Relatives

Catherine M. Stein, Jane M. Olson, Courtney Gray-McGuire, Gail R. Bruner, John B. Harley, and Kathy L. Moser

436

Risk Factors for Damage in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Cumulative Disease Activity and Medication Use Predict Disease Damage

Hermine I. Brunner, Earl D. Silverman, Theresa To, Claire Bombardier, and Brian M. Feldman

445

Th2-Oriented Profile of Male Offspring T Cells Present in Women With Systemic Sclerosis and Reactive With Maternal Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens

Cristina Scaletti, Alessandra Vultaggio, Stefania Bonifacio, Lorenzo Emmi, Francesca Torricelli, Enrico Maggi, Sergio Romagnani, and Marie-Pierre Piccinni

451

Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Scleroderma: An Italian Case-Control Study

Federica Edith Pisa, Massimo Bovenzi, Luciano Romeo, Alberta Tonello, Domenico Biasi, Lisa Maria Bambara, Alberto Betta, and Fabio Barbone

457

Therapeutic Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Giant Cell Arteritis

Cornelia M. Weyand, Markus Kaiser, Hongyu Yang, Brian Younge, and Jorg J. Goronzy

467

Results and Long-Term Followup of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Infusions in Chronic, Refractory Polymyositis: An Open Study With Thirty-Five Adult Patients

P. Cherin, S. Pelletier, A. Teixeira, P. Laforet, T. Genereau, A. Simon, T. Maisonobe, B. Eymard, and S. Herson

475

Magnesium Abnormalities of Skeletal Muscle in Dermatomyositis and Juvenile Dermatomyositis

Kenneth J. Niermann, Nancy J. Olsen, and Jane H. Park

489

The Role of Biomechanical Factors and HLA-B27 in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Determined Bone Changes in Plantar Fascia Enthesopathy

Dennis McGonagle, Helena Marzo-Ortega, Philip O'Connor, Wayne Gibbon, Colin Pease, Richard Reece, and Paul Emery

494

Nimesulide, a Preferential Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitor, Suppresses Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Induction of Cyclooxygenase 2 Gene Expression in Human Synovial Fibroblasts: Evidence for Receptor Antagonism

Tanja Kalajdzic, Wissam H. Faour, Qing Wen He, Hassan Fahmi, Johanne Martel-Pelletier, Jean-Pierre Pelletier, and John A. Di Battista

507

Inflammation Is Preceded by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Dependent Infiltration of Mesenchymal Cells in Experimental Arthritis

L. Marinova-Mutafchieva, R. O. Williams, K. Funa, R. N. Maini, and N. J. Zvaifler

514

Constitutive Expression of Bcl-xL in the T Lineage Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Bcl-xL Transgenic Mice

Ying Chen, Ed Rosloniec, Jim Price, Mark Boothby, and Jin Chen

522

Vitamin E Uncouples Joint Destruction and Clinical Inflammation in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Michel De Bandt, Maggy Grossin, Fathi Driss, Joel Pincemail, Catherine Babin-Chevaye, and Catherine Pasquier

533

Suppression of Autoimmune Arthritis in Interleukin-1-Deficient Mice in Which T Cell Activation Is Impaired Due to Low Levels of CD40 Ligand and OX40 Expression on T Cells

Shinobu Saijo, Masahide Asano, Reiko Horai, Hiroaki Yamamoto, and Yoichiro Iwakura

545

Antiphospholipid Antibodies Induced in Mice by Immunization With a Cytomegalovirus-Derived Peptide Cause Thrombosis and Activation of Endothelial Cells In Vivo

Azzudin E. Gharavi, Silvia S. Pierangeli, Ricardo G. Espinola, Xiaowei Liu, Margaret Colden-Stanfield, and E. Nigel Harris

553

The HLA-B*2709 Subtype Confers Susceptibility to Spondylarthropathy

Ignazio Olivieri, Giovanni Ciancio, Angela Padula, Carlo Gaudiano, Santa Masciandaro, Leda Moro, Elisabetta Durante, Sarah Pozzi, and G. B. Ferrara

555

Variant Mannose-Binding Lectin Genotypes and Outcome in Early Versus Late Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comment on the Article by Ip et al

Niels A. Graudal, Peter Garred, Hans O. Madsen, Arne Svejgaard, Ulrik Tarp, Anne Grethe Jurik, and Hans K. Graudal

556

Reply

C. S. Lau

556

Association of Fc[gamma] Receptor IIIA Polymorphism With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comment on the Article by Morgan et al

Antonio Nieto, Maria Pascual, Rafael Caliz, Luis Mataran, and Javier Martin

557

Reply

Ann W. Morgan, Bridget Griffiths, Jennifer H. Barrett, Alexander F. Markham, Paul Emery, and John D. Isaacs

559

Effect of Etanercept on Tenosynovitis and Nodules in Rheumatoid Arthritis

M.-J. Kaiser, M.-C. Bozonnat, C. Jorgensen, J.-P. Daures, and J. Sany

561

How Frequently and How Soon Should We Screen Our Patients for the Presence of Antimalarial Retinopathy?

Graciela S. Alarcon

561

Distinguishing Congenital From Acquired Heart Block: Comment on the Article by Julkunen and Eronen

Osvaldo Hubscher

562

Reply

Heikki Julkunen and Marianne Eronen

563

The Difficulties in Establishing a Birth Order or Maternal Age Effect in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Comment on the Article by Baudoin et al

William H. James

564

Reply

Irene E. van der Horst-Bruinsma, P. Dick Bezemer, and Ben A. C. Dijkmans

564

Somatization Does Not Fit All Fibromyalgia Patients: Comment on the Article by Winfield

Roland Staud

565

Gouty Tophi in a Pancreatic Pseudocyst

Dinesh Khanna, Shou-Jiang Tang, William D. Wallace, Bennett E. Roth, and Bevra H. Hahn

566

Unrecognized SAPHO Syndrome as a Rare Cause of Chronic Anterior Chest Pain

Monika A. Reuss-Borst

21A

Cover image: The figure on the cover (from Scaletti et al, page 448) illustrates results of an experiment to establish the male origin of a T cell clone generated from the skin of a woman with systemic sclerosis. The male origin of the clone is demonstrated by simultaneous labeling with probes for X and Y chromosomes, producing both yellow and red signals. The existence of male T cells in a woman with systemic sclerosis is consistent with the notion of transfer of cells from a male offspring into the mother and the subsequent generation of skin disease by a graft-versus-host mechanism.