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Volume 39, Numbers 1-12, 1996

Select the first letter of the subject.

Acetabular reconstruction, in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

A-chain genes, C1q deficiency in SLE and, 663

Achilles tendon, nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245

Acidic pro-drugs, mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998

Acinic cells, SS-B/La antigen in labial salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome and, 783

Acne, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

hydroxychloroquine in, 157
Mycobacterium kansasii septic arthritis in, 881
RA and, 1436

Actin filaments, effect of nitric oxide on chondrocytes and, 1905

Active RA

cyclosporine in, 1006
gamma-linolenic acid in, 1808
guidelines for management of, 713
low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in, 1027
recombinant human IL-1 receptor I in, 257

Activin A, recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 in human articular chondrocytes and, 1896

Activities of daily living

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in Spanish-language outcome questionnaire, 93

Acute anterior uveitis, HLA-DR8 and, in AS, 351

Acute febrile toxic reaction, after MTX and azathioprine in RA, 1016

Acute inflammation

leukotriene synthesis inhibitors in, 515
MSU crystal-induced, TGFβ in, 1192
MTX and, 1951

Acute malignant hypertension, in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335

Acute monarticular arthritis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever presenting with, 175, 2088

Acute musculoskeletal symptoms, guidelines for initial evaluation of adults with, 1, 1767

Acute psychosis, antiribosomal P antibodies in pediatric SLE and, 671

Acute rheumatic fever, 2078

Adenocarcinoma, of lung, anti-topo I and, in SSc, 686

Adenosine

collagenase and, 923
deaminase, MTX and, 1951

Adenovirus, direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820

Adenylate cyclase activator, collagenase, adenosine and, 923

Adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A, T cells in lupus and, 23

Adhesion, lymphocyte-fibroblast, inhibition of, 226

Adhesion molecules

anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
anti-TNFα in RA and, 1077, 1082
cellular, in adjuvant arthritis, 810
intercellular, 226, 467, 810, 1082, 1913
lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, 810
synovial distribution of α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
synovial endothelial cell, 467
vascular cell, 226, 467, 1077, 1082, 1781, 1913

Adjuvant arthritis, in rats, 204, 504, 810, 1677

Adjuvants, silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619

Adolescent medicine

glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 in human articular chondrocytes and, 1896
Wegener's granulomatosis of the lung, 615

Adverse reactions

amyloidosis after gold therapy, 1932
to antithymocyte globulin in SSc, 1132
in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis, 2052
in RA, 41, 257, 713, 996, 1016, 1092, 1102
to sulfasalazine, 2004, 2013, 2021

Age

augmentation mammoplasty, SSc and, 1125
barriers to return to work due to arthritis, musculoskeletal diseases and, 101
in early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403
fibromyalgia and, 682
in JRA, 746, 1385
maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266
in OA, 81, 648, 988
in RA, 463, 616, 629, 723, 1115
in Sjögren's syndrome, 297
in SLE, 657, 671

Aggrecans

antibodies to, in SF, 1990
neoepitope markers of skeletal maturation, aging and, 1234
recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 in human articular chondrocytes and, 1896

Aging

neoepitope markers of skeletal maturation and, 1234
protein metabolism in RA and, 1115

Agonists, muscarinic type III cholinergic, in Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Agranulocytosis, in RA, 723

AKR/J-lpr/lpr mice, T cells in lupus and, 23

Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy, 1921

Albumin, serum, antiribosomal antibodies in neuropsychiatric SLE and, 1483

Alcohol use

glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
running, musculoskeletal pain, age and, 64

Alkaline phosphatase, bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746

Alleles

apolipoprotein E4 in RA and amyloidosis and, 1728
DRB, 868, 1733
HLA, 183, 931, 938, 943, 1151, 1355, 1362, 1733
human TAP, for HLA-B27 binding peptides, 1892
major histocompatibility complex class II, 1507, 1833
in RA, 1109, 1791
in SLE, 663, 1763, 1833, 2046

Allergic reactions, to antithymocyte globulin in SSc, 1132

Alloantigens, in SLE, 23, 600

Allo-autoimmune disease, maternal-fetal immunology and, 191

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, RA progression after, 1246

Allografts, in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Alopecia, in RA, 723

α₁(I) procollagen gene, in SSc dermal fibroblasts, 1347

α_d /CD18 leukointegrin, synovial distribution of, 1913

Alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

American College of Rheumatology (ACR)

Ad Hoc Committee on Clinical Guidelines, 1, 713, 723
Audiovisual Aids Subcommittee, 2078
criteria, 657, 1055, 1161, 1208, 1385, 1643, 2080
guidelines, 1, 713, 723, 1767, 1791
documents about RA, 34, 535, 713, 723
pediatric rheumatology and, 1218
1995 Presidential Address, 887
1996 Slide Competition, 2078
SLICC/ACR damage index, 363

Amerindian HLA haplotype, in SSc, 1362

Amino acids

anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313
centromere kinesin-like protein, CENP-E in SSc and, 1355
collagen degradation and, 1455
Ki antigen epitope homology and, 855
major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588
in SLE, 663, 1483, 1654, 1833
T cells in RA and, 446

Aminoacyl-transfer RNA, in myositis, 146, 292

Amitriptyline, fluoxetine and, in fibromyalgia, 1852

Amyloidosis

as adverse effect of gold therapy, 1952
giant cell arteritis and, 1073

Amyopathic DM, 1419

Anabolic steroid drugs, in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Ancillary tests, cost of, in RA, 177

Anemia

in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341
microangiopathic hemolytic, vascular injury in SLE and, 9
in RA, 321, 723

Aneurysms, in IgA multiple myeloma presenting as Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, 698

Angiogenesis

hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
T cells in RA and, 914

Angiotensin-converting enzyme, in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041

Animal studies

See also Bovine, Canine, Chicken, Gorilla, Guinea pig, Macaque, Mouse, Pig, Primate, Rat, Rabbit, Rhesus monkey
antibiotics in reactive arthritis, 1238
collagen degradation, 1455
gamma-linolenic acid in RA and, 1808
HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders and, 1410
Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Ankle

antibiotics in reactive arthritis and, 1238
pain, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)

cervical myelopathy from ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in, 2074
HLA genes in, 943
HLA-B27 negative, HLA-B associations in, 1768
HLA-DR8 and acute anterior uveitis in, 351
pyoderma gangrenosum, spondylarthropathy and, 1062
sulfasalazine in, 1400, 2004
TAP alleles in, 1892

Annexins, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Anorexia nervosa, systemic pseudovasculitis from scurvy in, 532

Anterior chamber uveitis, in macaque, 610

Anterior cruciate ligament

IL-1 receptor antagonist in canine OA and, 1535
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245

Anterior uveitis, HLA-DR8 and, in AS, 351

Anti-A polypeptide antibodies, anti-U1 RNA antibodies in connective tissue disease and, 1265

Anti-A/B, antibodies to heterogeneous nuclear RNP in SSc and, 1669

Anti-annexin V, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Anti-apoptosis, TGFβ1 and, in rheumatoid synovial cells, 1267

Anti-β₂ -glycoprotein I, antiphospholipid antibodies and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Antibiotics

corticosteroids and, in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis, 1596
in reactive arthritis, 1238
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Antibodies

anti-A polypeptide, 1265
anti-β₂ -glycoprotein I, 1441, 1444, 1446, 1606
anti-β₂ -integrin, 1913
anti-CD3, 600, 1840, 1913
anti-CD4, 52, 1773
anti-CD14, 1913
anti-CD29, 1913
anti-CD68, 1913
anticardiolipin, 1441, 1444, 1466
anticentromere, 863, 1041
anti-chromatin, 894
anticytokine, 125
anti-denatured DNA, 894
anti-DNA, 894, 1980
anti-dsDNA, 522, 671, 894, 938
anti-endothelial cell, 758
antifibrillarin, 1151
anti-glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase, 146
anti-heterogeneous nuclear RNP, 1669
anti-HTLV-I, 463
antiidiotypic, 1980
anti-IgG3, 894
anti-Jo-1, 292
anti-Ki, 855
anti-La/SS-B, 522, 783
anti-native DNA, 894
antineutrophil cytoplasmic, 1, 698, 1262
antinuclear, 1, 283, 1055, 1166, 1300, 1980
anti-nuclear matrix, 1300
anti-P, 1833
antiphospholipid, 9, 537, 1441, 1444, 1466
antiprothrombin, 1441, 1444, 1466
antiretroviral, 1654
antiribosomal, 671, 894, 1483
anti-RNA polymerase I, 894
anti-Ro/SS-A, 522, 894, 1427
anti-70K, 1265
anti-SS-A/SS-B, 1166
anti-ssDNA, 894
anti-TGFβ, 1192
anti-TNFα, 1082
anti-topoisomerase I, 152, 686
anti-tRNA, 507
anti-U1 RNA, 1265
anti-U1 RNP, 507, 938, 1300
anti-WS, 1308
CD80/CD86, 1287
ENA, 1055
HTLV-I, 610
IgG, 1499, 1720, 1990
IgM, 1499
Mi-2, 868
mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643
monoclonal, 52, 110, 115, 125, 181, 204, 287, 386, 537, 539, 583, 600,
\m767, 783, 792, 1077, 1199, 1277, 1371, 1576, 1613, 1685, 1703, 1747, 1913, 1980
polyclonal, 245, 583, 767, 792
reactivity of, 1355, 1654
serum, 1951
silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619
Yersinia-specific, 1238

Anticardiolipin

antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies in SLE and, 1441, 1444, 1466
immunoassay, compared with ELISA for anti-β₂ -glycoprotein I, 1606

Anti-CD3

in RA, 1277, 1499
monoclonal antibody, in SLE, 600, 1840
synovial distribution of α_d/CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

Anti-CD4, in RA, 52, 1102, 1773

Anti-CD14, synovial distribution of α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

Anti-CD28, CD69 activation in RA and, 1277

Anti-CD29, synovial distribution of α_d/CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

Anti-CD36, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Anti-CD45 autoantibodies, in SLE, 592

Anti-CD68, synovial distribution of α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

Anti-CD69, CD69 activation in RA and, 1277

Anti-CENP-E, in SSc, 1355

Anticentromere antibodies

in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041
recombinant human CENP-A protein and, 863

Anti-chromatin antibodies, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Anti-collagen antibodies, in early RA, 1720

Anticytokine antibodies, T cells, bacterial superantigens and, in RA synoviocytes, 125

Anticytokine therapy, for collagen arthritis in DBA/1 mice, 797

Anti-DNA

antiidiotypic antibodies in SLE and, 1980
nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894
topoisomerase I autoantibody, lung cancer and, in SSc, 686

Anti-dsDNA

antibodies, 894, 938, 1178
antiidiotypes, anti-Ro, anti-La and, 522
in SLE, 671, 1055, 1980

Anti-EJ, major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 507

Anti-ENA, in RA in Native Americans, 283

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies, in Wegener's granulomatosis, 758

Anti-Fc receptor monoclonal antibody, antigen-presenting cell function in SLE and, 600

Anti-Fc|ge receptor I, human synovial mast cells and, 1222

Antifibrillarin antibodies, in SSc, 1151

Antifolate drugs, in RA, 723

Antigens

anti-PCNA in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction and, 877
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
anti-Ro and anti-La anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
anti-topoisomerase I, lung cancer and, in SSc, 686
autoantibodies and, 1308, 1860
B7-cross-reactive group, reactive arthritis, sexually transmitted diseases and, 1172
CD80/CD86 in chronic arthritis and, 1287
cryptic, 195
cutaneous lymphocyte, T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
DM-specific Mi-2 autoantigen and, 1769
Fas, TGFβ, apoptosis and, in rheumatoid synovial cells, 1267
HLA, in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
HLA genes and, in AS and reactive arthritis, 943
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
Ki antigen epitope homology and, 855
Mi-2 autoantibodies, HLA-DR and, in DM, 868
nuclear, 894
nuclear matrix, antinuclear antibodies, anti-nuclear matrix antibody and, 1300
in RA, 125, 183, 283, 446, 454, 629, 829, 844, 1371, 1781
silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619
in SLE, 9, 23, 600, 792, 894, 1483, 1635, 1664
streptococcal, penicillin in Behçet's disease and, 2062
T cells and, 23, 844

Anti-glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase antibody, in myositis, 146

Anti-HGH, hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566

Anti-HIV-1, hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157

Anti-heterogeneous nuclear RNP, in SSc, 1669

Anti-HsEg5 (spindle kinesin-like protein), in SLE, 1635

Anti-HTLV-I antibody, in RA, 463

Antihyperuricemic drugs, in gout, 1406

Anti-I, antibodies to heterogeneous nuclear RNP in SSc and, 1669

Antiidiotypic antibody, in SLE, anti-dsDNA, anti-Ro, anti-La and, 522, 1980

Anti-IgE, human synovial mast cells and, 1222

Anti-IgG3 antibodies, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Anti-IL-1α/β, anticytokine therapy for collagen arthritis in DBA/1 mice and, 797

Anti-IL-2, T cells, bacterial superantigens and, in RA, 125

Antiinflammatory cytokines, IL-10 in RA, 386

Antiinflammatory drugs

collagen degradation and, 1455
mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998

Anti-Jo-1

antibodies, 292
autoantibodies, 692, 1254
in myositis, 292, 1507

Anti-Ki, Ki antigen epitope homology and, 855

Antikininogen, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Anti-KJ, major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 507

Anti-La/SS-B

anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes in, 522
detection of, by ELISA, in SLE, 1055
in Sjögren's syndrome, 783, 1733

Anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies, anti-CD45 autoantibodies in SLE and, 592

Anti-native collagen, in early RA, 1720

Anti-native DNA antibodies, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Anti-native G1 domain, aggrecan in SF and, 1990

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in IgA multiple myeloma presenting as Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, 698
in Wegener's granulomatosis, 1262

Anti-NOR 90, in rheumatic diseases, 1313

Antinuclear antibodies

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
antiidiotypic antibodies in SLE and, 1980
in hepatitis C virus in sicca syndrome, 1166
matrix, 1300
in RA in Native Americans, 283

Antinucleosomes, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Anti-NuMA-2, mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643

Anti-OJ

autoantibody, in antisynthetase syndrome, 692
major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 507

Antioxidants

free radical injury in scleroderma and, 1146
micronutrients in, in knee OA, 648
transcription factor NF-|gkB, TNFα and, 197

Anti-P, in SLE, 1483, 1833

Antiphospholipase A2 , antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Antiphospholipid antibodies

circulating, vascular injury in SLE and, 9
monoclonal, germline VH genes and, 537
new complexities and new assays, 1441, 1444, 1466

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

familial primary, 705
immunology of, 1441, 1444, 1466

Antiphospholipid syndrome, splinter hemorrhage after arterial puncture in, 169

Anti-PL-7, Anti-PL-12, major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 1507

Anti-PM-Scl antibodies, major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588

Antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen (Anti-PCNA), in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, 877

Antiprothrombin, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Anti-protrusio rings, in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Anti-Rel-A nuclear location sequences, transcription factor nuclear factor-|gkB and, 583

Antiretroviral antibodies, in SLE, 1654

Antirheumatic drugs, in RA, 723, 1006

Antiribosomal antibodies, in SLE, 671, 894, 1483

Antiribosomal P autoantibodies, in SLE, 1664, 2035

Anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Anti-RNP, detection of, by ELISA, in SLE, 1055

Anti-Ro/SS-A

anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
autoantibodies, in complete heart block in Sjögren's syndrome, 1427
circulating T cell receptor γ/δ cells in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1733
detection of, by ELISA, in SLE, 1055
major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 507
nephritogenic autoantibodies in SLE and, 894
in RA in Native Americans, 283

Antiserum, polyclonal, procollagenase, doxycycline and, 235

Anti-70K antibodies, anti-U1 RNA antibodies in connective tissue disease and, 1265

Anti-signal recognition particle, major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 507

Anti-Sm, detection of, by ELISA, in SLE, 1055

Anti-SS-A/Ro

anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
autoantibodies, in complete heart block in Sjögren's syndrome, 1427
circulating T cell receptor γ/δ cells in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1733
detection of, by ELISA, in SLE, 1055
major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 507
nephritogenic autoantibodies in SLE and, 894
in RA in Native Americans, 283

Anti-SS-A/SS-B antibodies, in hepatitis C virus and sicca syndrome, 1166

Anti-SS-B/La

anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes in, 522
detection of, by ELISA, in SLE, 1055
in Sjögren's syndrome, 783, 1733

Anti-ssDNA, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Antisynthetase syndrome, 692

Anti-T cell receptor γ/δ monoclonal antibody V65, γ/δ T cells in rat adjuvant arthritis and, 204

Anti-T helper cell therapy, in RA, 1773

Anti-TGFβ antibodies, MSU crystal-induced inflammation and, 1192

Antithymocyte globulin, in SSc, 1132

Anti-TNFα

anticytokine therapy of collagen arthritis in DBA/1 mice and, 797
in RA, 1077, 1082

Anti-topoisomerase I antibodies, in SSc and RA, 152, 686

Anti-tRNA, major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 507

Anti-U1 RNA antibodies, in connective tissue disease, 1265

Anti-U1 RNP

antibodies, HLA type and, in connective tissue disease, 938
major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 507

Antivascular heparan sulfate proteoglycan antiheparin, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Antral vascular ectasia, gastric, in SSc, 341

Anxiety, psychiatric diagnosis in fibromyalgia and, 2086

Apatite ceramics, inflammatory properties of basic calcium phosphate crystals and, 1319

Aplasia, gold-induced marrow, RA after bone marrow transplantation and, 1246

Aplastic anemia, in RA, 723

Apolipoprotein E4, in RA and amyloidosis, 1729

Apoptosis

fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781
lymphocyte, in Sjögren's syndrome, 1875
in lupus, 23, 1432
TGFβ and, in rheumatoid synovial cells, 1267

Appetite, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Arachidonic acid, free radical injury in scleroderma and, 1146

Arg amino acid, hereditary C1q deficiency in SLE and, 663

Arginine, N^{G -monomethyl, effect of nitric oxide on chondrocytes and, 1905}

Arm

bone mass, pamidronate and, in RA, 397
in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791
intravenous immunoglobulins in SLE and, 704

Arrhythmia, thallium, cardiac dysfunction and, in SSc, 677

Arterial hypertension, cardiac involvement in SSc and, 1138

Arterial puncture, splinter hemorrhage after, 169

Arteries

Behçet-type vasculopathy without Behçet's disease and, 1926
coronary lesions in Kawasaki disease and, L-selectin in, 534
in IgA multiple myeloma presenting as Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, 698
radial, puncture of, splinter hemorrhage after, 169
in renal vascular damage in SSc, 1030
small, in systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma, 330
temporal, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747

Arteritis

giant cell, 1073, 1199, 1747
temporal, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Arthralgia

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in lupus nephritis after cyclophosphamide, 2028
rubella vaccine and, 1529

Arthritides

chronic, in pediatric rheumatology in adult practices, 1218
hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566

Arthritis

acute, 1238
adjuvant, 204, 504, 810
barriers to return to work due to, 101
chronic, 1287, 1410
collagen, 495, 515, 1545
experimental, 1596
gonococcal, 950
IL-1α-induced, 1292
inflammatory, 1, 157, 950, 1566, 1576
insulin-like growth factor in joints in, 1556
large joint (in gorilla), 891
in lupus nephritis after cyclophosphamide, 2028
Lyme, 736
in the macaque with HTLV-I, 610
Mediterranean spotted fever and, 175, 2088
monarticular, 175
monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia and, 1066
peripheral, 2004
poly-, 1
psoriatic, 137, 711, 904, 1519, 2013
reactive, 943, 950, 1172, 1740
rubella vaccine and, 1529
running, musculoskeletal pain, age and, 64
septic, 1, 881, 1596
seronegative, 1519
Staphylococcus aureus, 959, 1596
venereal, 950

Arthritis and Rheumatism Council Twin Study, cigarette smoking, risk of RA and, 732

Arthritis Foundation, ACR and, 887

Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS2), in OA and RA, 1391

Arthrodesis

pain and, in RA and OA, 357
in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Arthropathy

chronic inflammatory, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
collagen degradation in, 1455
detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction and, 1740
erosive, cryocrystalglobulinemia, systemic vasculopathy and, 335
HTLV-I in, 1410

Arthroplasty, revision total hip, 1939

Arthroscopic biopsy, effects of methylprednisolone on, in RA, 1970

Arthroscopy

HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders and, 1410
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199

Arthus reaction, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Articular cartilage

antibodies to aggrecan in SF and, 1990
anticytokine therapy for collagen arthritis in DBA/1 mice and, 797
fibroblast adhesion to, 1072
fibronectin in, 567
hyaline, 245
IL-1 and, 478
IL-4, IL-10 and, in RA, 829
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in, 245, 252
silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619
TIMP-1 and oncostatin M in, 560

Articular chondrocytes

human, integrins, in inflammatory SF, 1430
osteonectin in calcium and, 539
recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 and, 1896
TSG-6 in, 552

Articular disease, antibodies to aggrecan in SF in, 1990

Articular involvement

guidelines for evaluation of acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Articular tissue, nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in, 245, 252

Aseptic loosening, after revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Aseptic monarticular arthritis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever and, 175

Atherosclerosis, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Atrioventricular node, in complete heart block in Sjögren's syndrome, 1427

Attention deficit, in SLE without central nervous system disease, 2035

Augmentation mammoplasty, SSc and, 1125

Auranofin, in RA, 616, 723

Aurothioglucose, in RA, 723

Aurothiomalate, in RA, 723

Auto-alloimmune disease, maternal-fetal immunology and, 191

Autoantibodies

anti-La/SS-B, 522, 767
anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313
anti-PCNA in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, 877
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
anti-Ro/SS-A, 522, 767, 1427
antisynthetase, in antisynthetase syndrome, 692
in HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders, 1410
Ki antigen epitope homology and, 855
in MCTD, 1254
Mi-2, HLA-DR and, in DM, 868
mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643
in myositis, 146, 1254, 1507, 1860
in SLE, 9, 23, 592, 894, 1635, 1669, 1763, 1833, 2035
in SSc, 686, 1151, 1362
tRNA in interstitial lung disease and, 1308

Autoantigen-based assays, anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313

Autoantigens

centromere kinesin-like protein, CENP-E, in SSc, 1355
in Sjögren's syndrome, 195
spindle kinesin-like protein, HsEg5, in SLE, 1635

Autoimmune diseases

anti-Jo-1 in myositis and, 292
circulating T cell receptor γ/δ cells in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1733
HTLV-I in, 1410
idiopathic, T cells in lupus and, 23
mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643
sex hormones in, 1766
silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619
Sjögren's syndrome and, 297, 1376
RA and, 183, 1027

Autoimmune response

antibodies to heterogeneous nRNP in SSc and, 1669
autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II and, 1875
Mi-2 autoantibodies, HLA-DR and, in DM, 868
mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643

Autoimmunity

anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313
immunodeficiency and, 179
lupus, T cells and, 23
to RNA polymerase II, 1886

Autoreactive T cells, self peptides, dendritic cells and, in RA, 183

Autoreactivity, to human heat-shock protein 60 in oligoarticular JRA, 1826

Avascular necrosis, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Axial arthropathy, cryocrystalglobulinemia and, 335

Axial vein thrombosis, antithymocyte globulin in SSc and, 1132

Azathioprine, in RA, 616, 723, 1016, 1435, 1436

B

B cells

corticosteroids, antibiotics and, in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis, 1596
in RA, 325, 638, 1499
shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica and, 1199
in Sjögren's syndrome, 773, 1376, 1875
in SLE, 23, 592

B-chain genes, hereditary C1q deficiency in SLE and, 663

B7-cross-reactive group antigens, reactive arthritis, sexually transmitted diseases and, 1172

B7-1 (CD80) costimulatory molecule, antigen-presenting cell function in SLE and, 600

B19 infection, human parvovirus, in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 880

B27, HLA-B associations in HLA-B27 negative AS, 1768

B27-positive psoriatic spondylarthropathy, pyoderma gangrenosum in, 1062

Back pain

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
sulfasalazine in AS and, 2004

Bacteria

antibiotics in arthritis and, 1238, 1596
detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction and, 1740
major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588

Bacterial DNA, molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950

Bacterial superantigens, in RA, 125, 1499

Baculovirus, anticentromere antibodies, recombinant human CENP-A protein and, 863

Basement membrane, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Basic calcium phosphate crystals, inflammatory properties of, 1319

Basic fibroblast growth factor, osteonectin in cartilage and, 539

bax, apoptosis in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1875

Bay x 1005, Bay y 1015, in inflammation, 515

bcl-2, apoptosis and, 1267, 1875

bcl-x, apoptosis in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1875

Beck Depression Inventory

fluoxetine, amitriptyline and, in fibromyalgia, 1852
in scleroderma, 1035

Behçet's disease, penicillin in, 2062

Behçet-type vasculopathy, without Behçet's disease, 1926

Beta carotene, antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648

β gene polymorphism, T cell receptor, HLA-DR4 and, in RA, 931

β₂ -glycoprotein I, antiphospholipid antibodies and, in SLE, 1441, 1444, 1466

β₂ -integrin, synovial distribution of αd /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

β₂ -microglobulin, soluble HLA class I antigens in SLE and, 792

Biclonal gammopathy, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423

Biochemistry

collagen degradation in arthritis and, 1455
IL-1, articular cartilage and, 478
T cells in lupus and, 23

Biopsy

arthroscopic, 1199, 1970
lacrimal gland, 195
in lupus nephritis after cyclophosphamide, 2028
muscle and nerve, in rheumatoid vasculitis, 1937
prostate tissue, molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950
in RA, 325, 1021, 1077, 1491, 1970
salivary gland, 195, 297, 783, 1609
in SLE, 704, 2066
in SSc, 341, 1161
synovial, 1, 181, 1061, 1077
temporal artery, in giant cell arteritis, 1747

Biopsychosocial models of disease, disability in fibromyalgia and, 1627

Bisphosphonates

bone mass and pamidronate in RA, 397
in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Black patients

HLA-DRB1 genes, disease severity and, in RA, 1802
major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis, 1507
SLE in, 1833, 2046

Bladder

carcinoma, autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in myositis and, 1860
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245

Blood

mononuclear cells, autoreactivity to human heat-shock protein 60 in oligoarticular JRA and, 1826
peripheral, 23, 52, 125, 137, 204, 257, 600, 773, 829, 844, 904, 914, 1277, 1499, 1566, 1875, 1951, 1961
in RA, 216, 463, 829, 844, 1802
in renal vascular damage in SSc, 1030
silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619
tests, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
transfusions, maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191
vascular injury in SLE and, 9
vessels, 1199, 1926

Body composition, progressive resistance training in RA and, 415

Body mass index, antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648

Bone

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
cells, 245, 489
collagen degradation and, 1455
density, effect of MTX on mouse bone cells and, 489
genetic protein 2, osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791
loss, 81, 397, 1791
marrow, 629, 836
mineral density, 81, 397, 504, 746, 1791
mineral metabolism, in JRA, 746
morphogenic protein-7, in human articular chondrocytes, 1896
in OA, 81
pathology, in degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig, 1327
in RA, 162, 277, 397, 629, 836, 1246
resorption, 277, 489, 1791
in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Book reviews

Arthritis (Thompson), 1772
Friendly Fire: Explaining Autoimmune Disease (Isenberg and Morrow), 1938
Science on Trial (Angell), 1771
Systemic Sclerosis (Clements and Furst, eds), 1440
Treatment of the Rheumatic Diseases: Companion to the Textbook of Rheumatology (Weissman and Weinblatt, eds), 355

Borrelia burgdorfera DNA, in synovium, 736

Bovine studies

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
collagen arthritis, 495, 1545
fibronectin in articular cartilage, 567

Bowel disease, inflammatory, pyoderma gangrenosum, spondylarthropathy and, 1062

Bowel infarction, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Brain

nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245
in RA and OA, 357
in SLE, 9, 1483

Breast

milk, colchicine in, in familial Mediterranean fever, 1213
silicone implants, 1615, 1619

Bursitis, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

C

C3H-lpr/lpr mice, T cells in lupus and, 23

Calcific constrictive pericarditis, CREST syndrome and, 347

Calcinosis, centromere kinesin-like protein, CENP-E in SSc and, 1355

Calcitonin, salmon, nasal spray, in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Calcitriol, in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Calcium

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
basic phosphate crystals, inflammatory properties of, 1319
bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746
effect of MTX on mouse bone cells and, 489
exogenous, procollagenase, doxycycline and, 235
in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791
T cells in lupus and, 23
TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552

Canadian health care costs for SLE, US health care costs and, 979

Cancellous bone in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Cancer in SLE, 1050

Canine studies, IL-1 receptor antagonist in OA, 1535

Capillaries

nailfold, in early pathologic analysis of SSc, 1161
self peptides, dendritic cells and, in RA, 183

Capillaritis, microvascular angiitis in SLE and, 9

Carbonate apatite crystals, inflammatory properties of basic calcium phosphate crystals and, 1319

Carboxyl terminal domain, autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II and, 1875

Carcinoma, autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in myositis and, 1860

Cardiac catheterization in calcific constrictive pericarditis in CREST syndrome, 347

Cardiac involvement in SSc, 677, 1138, 1151

Cardiolipin, antiphospholipid antibodies and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Cardiomyopathy, autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in, 1860

Cardiovascular disease

drug therapy in RA and, 723
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266

Carnitine in inflammatory myopathy, 1869

Cartilage

articular, 245, 252, 478, 560, 567, 797, 1072, 1990
chondrocytes and, 552, 1430, 1905
collagen degradation and, 1455
degradation, 495, 539, 552, 797, 829, 1535, 1720
elastic, 245
fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781
IL-1 and, 478, 1535
loss, 648
manoalide in IL-1α-induced arthritis and, 1292
neoepitope markers of skeletal maturation, aging and, 1234
in OA, 308, 648, 1535
osteonectin in, 539
proteoglycan, recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 and, 1896
synovial cell adhesion on EDA-containing fibronectin and, 1685

Catabolism

IL-1 receptor antagonist in canine OA and, 1535
manoalide in IL-1α-induced arthritis and, 1292
in RA, protein metabolism, aging and, 1115

C-chain genes, hereditary C1q deficiency in SLE and, 663

CD2, in RA synoviocytes, T cells, bacterial superantigens and, 125

CD3

CD69 activation in RA and, 1277
cells, 23, 1951

CD4 cells, 23, 183, 844, 904, 914, 1951

CD4:CD8 ratio after photopheresis in psoriatic arthritis, 1519

CD5 immunoconjugate in RA, 1102

CD11a/CD18

cellular adhesion molecules in adjuvant arthritis and, 810
synovial distribution of α_d/CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
T cells, bacterial superantigens and, in RA synoviocytes, 125

CD11b/CD18, synovial distribution of α_d/CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

CD11bc/CD18, cellular adhesion molecules in adjuvant arthritis and, 810

CD11c/CD18, synovial distribution of α_d/CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

CD14 in RA, 110, 115, 836

CD16 in RA, 386, 1693

CD23, IL-13 in RA and, 1693

CD25 in RA, 1277

CD27 cells in RA, enrichment of, 844

CD28 in RA synovium, 110

CD29, synovial distribution of α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

CD31, effects of methylprednisolone on adhesion molecules in RA and, 1970

CD44

cells in RA, enrichment of, 844
cellular adhesion molecules in adjuvant arthritis and, 810

CD45

anti-CD45 autoantibodies in SLE and, 592
cells, 844, 1199

CD54, effects of methylprednisolone on adhesion molecules in RA and, 1970

CD56 cells in SLE, 1840

CD62E, CD62P, effects of methylprednisolone on adhesion molecules in RA and, 1970

CD64 in RA, 386, 1693

CD68

macrophages, in RA, articular damage and, 115
synovial distribution of α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

CD69 in RA, 844, 1277

CD80

antigen-presenting cell function in SLE and, 600
CD86 and, in chronic arthritis, 1287

CD86

CD80 and, in chronic arthritis, 1287
in RA synovium, 110

CDR3, antiidiotypic antibodies in SLE and, 1980

Cell activation, anti-CD45 autoantibodies in SLE and, 592

Cell adhesion

fibronectin in articular cartilage and, 567
molecules in RA, effects of methylprednisolone on, 1970

Cell counts, manoalide in IL-1α-induced arthritis and, 1292

Cell division

direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
MTX and, 1951

Cell function, antigen-presenting, in SLE, 600

Cell lines, T cells in RA synoviocytes and, 125

Cell membrane, anti-endothelial cell antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758

Cell migration in psoriatic arthritis, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, T cells and, 137

Cell proliferation

in articular cartilage, TIMP-1, oncostatin M and, 560
fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781
HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders and, 1410
synovial, transcription factor NF-|gkB, TNFα and, 197
T cells and, 23, 125

Cell surface

antigen-presenting cell function in SLE and, 600
HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders and, 1410
MTX and, 1951
in RA, recombinant human IL-1 receptor I and, 257

Cellular adhesion molecules in adjuvant arthritis, 810

Cellular cytotoxicity, anti-endothelial cell antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758

Cellular heterogeneous nuclear RNP, in SSc, antibodies to, 1669

Cellular immune response, T cells in lupus and, 23

Cellular immunity

in HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders, 1410
MTX and, 1951

Cellular infiltration

leukotriene synthesis inhibitors in inflammation and, 515
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199

Cement in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

CENP-A, recombinant human, to detect anticentromere antibodies, 863

CENP-E, centromere kinesin-like protein, in SSc, 1355

Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale

in fibromyalgia, psychiatric diagnosis, health care-seeking and, 436
in RA, gender, work, emotional distress and, 427

Central nervous system involvement

disability in fibromyalgia and, 1627
MTX and, 1951
in SLE, 9, 370, 1483, 2035

Centromere kinesin-like protein, CENP-E, in SSc, 1355

Centrosomes, mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643

Cerebral ischemia, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Cerebrospinal fluid, antiribosomal P protein antibodies in neuropsychiatric SLE and, 1483

Cervical myelopathy in AS, 2074

c-fos, in HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders, 1410

CH50, soluble HLA class I antigens in SLE and, 792

Chemotaxis

hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
macrophages in synovial lining in collagen arthritis and, 1545

Chemotherapy, MTX-associated lymphoma in RA and, 325

Chest radiography in Wegener's granulomatosis of the lungs, 615

Chicken studies, oral type II collagen in JRA, 623

Childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041

Chimeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, cM-T412 in RA, 52

Chimeric anti-TNFα in RA, 1077, 1082

Chimerism, RA progression after bone marrow transplantation and, 1246

Chinese herbs in rheumatology, 354

Chinese patients, mannose-binding protein in SLE, 706

Chiropractors in RA and OA, 357

Chlamydia trachomatis

detection of, by polymerase chain reaction, 1740
reactive arthritis, sexually transmitted diseases and, 1172

Chlorambucil in RA, 723

Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase

reporter gene, α₁(I) procollagen gene in SSc fibroblasts and, 1347
transcription factor NF-|gkB, TNFα and, 197

Choctaw Indian patients, Amerindian HLA haplotype in SSc, 1362

Cholinergic agonists, muscarinic type III, in Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Chondrocytes

anticytokine therapy of collagen arthritis in DBA/1 mice and, 797
articular, 539, 552, 560, 1896
cartilage and, 478, 539, 567
effect of nitric oxide on, 1905
fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781
human, integrins, in inflammatory SF, 1430
insulin-like growth factor receptor and binding protein in, in OA, 968
metalloproteinase, IL-1 and, 709

Chondroitin sulfate, antibodies to aggrecan in SF and, 1990

Chondrosarcoma, autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in myositis and, 1860

Chromatin, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Chromosomal flagellin gene, Borrelia burgdorferi in synovium and, 736

Chromosomes, detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction and, 1740

Chronic anemia in RA, NSAIDs and, 321

Chronic arthritides, in pediatric rheumatology in adult practices, 1218

Chronic arthritis

HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders and, 1410
reactive, antibiotics in, 1238

Chronic inflammation, leukotriene synthesis inhibitors in, 515

Chronic inflammatory arthropathy

cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
HTLV-I in, 1410

Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, anti-PCNA and, 877

Chronic myalgia, psychiatric diagnosis in fibromyalgia and, 2086

Chronic pain

barriers to return to work due to arthritis and musculoskeletal diseases and, 101
disability in fibromyalgia and, 1627
in RA and OA, 357

Chronic RA

guidelines for management of, 713
synovitis in, fibroblast-like synoviocytes and, 1781

Chymase, in human synovial mast cells, 1222

Cigarette smoking, RA and, 732, 1711

Ciprofloxacin, in reactive arthritis, 1238

Circulating autoantibodies, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Circulating blood neutrophils in RA, methylprednisolone, joint inflammation and, 216

Circulating dendritic cells in RA, self peptides and, 183

Circulating gelatinase in giant cell arteritis, 1747

Circulating immune complexes in SLE, 9, 894

Circulating inflammatory cells, recombinant human IL-1 receptor I in active RA and, 257

Circulating leukocytes, anti-TNFα in RA and, 1082

Circulating T cell receptor γ/δ cells in Sjögren's syndrome, 1733

Circulation

MTX and, 1951
nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894
in RA, 183

Circulatory involvement, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Cirrhosis in RA, 723

c-jun, HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Clinical Images

Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy, 1921
drummer's finger, 1258
influence of ballet season on radiology reports, 1069
Mees' lines, 151
MRI in pyomyositis, 1760
vitamin C deficiency, 1422
Wegener's granulomatosis of the lungs, 615

Clodrate, macrophages in synovial lining in collagen arthritis and, 1545

Clonal proliferation, oligoclonal T cells in RA and, 904

Clonality, EBV, in lymphomas in RA, 638

Cloning, α₁(I) procollagen gene in SSc fibroblasts and, 1347

Clonotypes, T cell, in RA, 446

c-myc

apoptosis in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1875
in HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders, 1410

Coagulation

abnormalities, vascular injury in SLE and, 9
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
in SSc, 341, 1041

Coagulation-fibrinolysis system, disease activity in SLE and, 287

Cognitive-behavioral interventions in RA and OA, 357

Cognitive dysfunction

disability in fibromyalgia and, 1627
MTX and, 1951
in SLE without central nervous system disease, 2035

Colchicine, in breast milk in familial Mediterranean fever, 1213

Cold-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis in monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia, 1066

Cold-stress test in cardiac involvement in SSc, 1138

Collagen

antibodies to, in RA, 1720
arthritis, 495, 515, 797, 1545, 1677
in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041
degradation of, 1455
epitopes, fibroblast adhesion to articular cartilage and, 1072
fibers, procollagenase, doxycycline and, 235
in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791
heterogeneity, in SSc fibroblasts, 1338
matrix, effect of nitric oxide on chondrocytes and, 1905
recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 and, 1896
type II, 41, 623, 1896

Collagenase

adenosine and, 923
collagen degradation and, 1455
fibronectin and, in articular cartilage, 567
IL-1 receptor antagonist in experimental OA and, 1535
matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574
N\[4-hydroxyphenyl\] retinamide in RA and, 1021
nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894
92-kd type IV, in giant cell arteritis, 1747
procollagenase, doxycycline and, 235

Comorbidity

depression in scleroderma and, 1035
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266
in RA, 713

Complement

activation of, 1178
anti-endothelial cell antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
in SLE, 9, 706, 894, 1178

Complement C1q, in SLE, 370, 663, 894

Complement C5a, in human synovial mast cells, 1222

Complementary DNA, anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313

Complete heart block, in Sjögren's syndrome, 1427

Computed tomography (CT)

in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791
of the knee in gout, 1406

Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule in fibromyalgia, psychiatric diagnosis, health care-seeking and, 436

Concanavalin A, silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619

Condylar cartilage, manoalide in IL-1α-induced arthritis and, 1292

Congestive heart failure in SSc, thallium, cardiac dysfunction and, 677

Connective tissue

collagen degradation in, 1455
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in RA and, 1576
ultrasound of, in shoulder pain, 1435

Connective tissue cells, lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226

Connective tissue disease

antibodies to heterogeneous nuclear RNP in SSc and, 1669
anti-Jo-1 antibodies in myositis and, 292
anti-U1 RNA antibodies in, 1265
early undifferentiated, 403
hair dye use in SLE and, 657
HLA type and anti-U1 RNP in, 938
mixed, 1254, 1259, 1669

Constrictive pericarditis, calcific, CREST syndrome and, 347

Continuing medical education about pediatric rheumatology in adult practices, 1218

Copper-dependent enzymes, collagen degradation and, 1455

Core protein, aggrecan, antibodies to, in SF, 1990

Cortical bone in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Corticosteroid drugs

in focal myositis in MCTD, 1254
intraarticular, 277
MTX in fibroblastic rheumatism and, 2070
in polymyalgia rheumatica, 73, 1199
in RA, 277, 723, 1773
in Sjögren's syndrome, 297
in SLE, 704, 1475

Counseling, health outcome of, in OA and RA, 1391

Cranial neuropathy, in hepatitis C virus infection, polymyositis, lung fibrosis and, 1074

C-reactive protein

collagen degradation and, 1455
insulin-like growth factor in arthritic joints and, 1556
in RA, 216, 629, 1021, 1092

Creatine kinase, in focal myositis in MCTD, 1254

Creatinine

in RA, 643, 723
in SSc, 1030, 1146

CREST syndrome

calcific constrictive pericarditis in, 347
centromere kinesin-like protein, CENP-E in SSc and, 1355

Cross-linking

collagen degradation and, 1455
in human synovial mast cells, 1222

Cross-reactivity

antibodies in SLE and, 1654, 1980
B7 group antigen, reactive arthritis, sexually transmitted diseases and, 1172
in mixed monoclonal cryoglobulinemia in primary Sjögren's syndrome, 767
nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Cruciate ligament

anterior, 245, 1535
in degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig, 1327

Cryo-antifibrinogenemia, monoclonal, 1066

Cryocrystalglobulinemia, systemic vasculopathy, erosive arthropathy and, 335

Cryoglobulinemia, mixed monoclonal, in primary Sjögren's syndrome, 767

Cryoglobulins in hepatitis C virus and sicca syndrome, 1166

Cryptic antigens in Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Crystalglobulin in systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma due to, 330

Crystal-induced inflammation

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
transforming growth factor β₁ and, 1192

Crystals

basic calcium phosphate, inflammatory properties of, 1319
in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
in human synovial mast cells, 1222
MSU, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1, 1192
needle-shaped, in CT of the knee in gout, 1406

CTD7, CTD18 synthetic peptides, autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II and, 1875

Cushingoid facies, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Cutaneous involvement, antithymocyte globulin in SSc and, 1132

Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive T cells in psoriatic arthritis, 137

Cutaneous nodules, MTX in fibroblastic rheumatism and, 2070

Cutaneous SSc

diffuse, childhood-onset scleroderma and, 1041
limited, 347, 1439

Cutaneous telangiectasia in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341

Cyclic AMP

collagenase, adenosine and, 923
dibutyryl, osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
T cells in lupus and, 23

Cyclooxygenase

free radical injury in scleroderma and, 1146
leukotriene synthesis inhibitors in inflammation and, 515
NSAID, mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998

Cyclophosphamide

in lupus nephritis, 2028
in RA, 723
in SLE, 1475
steroids, MTX and, in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, 171

Cyclosporine in RA, 723, 1006, 1491

Cysteine, osteonectin in cartilage and, 539

Cysts, subchondral, in OA of the finger joints, 308

Cytokines

anticytokine therapy of collagen arthritis in DBA/1 mice and, 797
anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
in cartilage, 539, 560, 567
chondrocytes and, 552, 1905
hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
in JRA and juvenile spondylarthropathy, 1703
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
mRNA, 959, 1376
MTX and, 1951
in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1264
proinflammatory, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423
in RA, 125, 183, 386, 829, 1077, 1115, 1371, 1693, 1781, 1961
in SLE, 9, 379

Cytolysis, CD56 cells in SLE and, 1840

Cytomegalovirus

human, direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
MTX in RA and, 1608

Cytoplasm

autoantibodies directed against tRNA in interstitial lung disease and, 1308
in human synovial mast cells, 1222
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747
SS-B/La antigen in labial salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome and, 783

Cytoplasmic antibodies, antineutrophil, 698, 1262

Cytoplasmic staining, mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643

Cytostatic drugs, mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266

Cytotoxicity

direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
infection after cyclophosphamide in SLE and, 1475
MTX and, 1951
D

D dimer fragments, disease activity in SLE and, 287

Dactylitis in seronegative spondylarthropathy, 1524

Dark Agouti rats, nitric oxide in adjuvant arthritis and collagen arthritis in, 1677

Daudi target cells, CD56 cells in SLE and, 1840

DBA/1 mice, collagen arthritis in, 495, 1545

Debridement in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Degenerative joint disease \

in the guinea pig, 1327
revision total hip arthroplasty in, 1939

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

in psoriatic arthritis, 137
silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619

Demographic studies

barriers to return to work due to arthritis and musculoskeletal diseases, 101
early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403
ESR in polymyalgia rheumatica, 304
gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341
lupus nephritis after cyclophosphamide, 2028
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis, 266
oral type II collagen in JRA, 623
psychiatric diagnosis and health care-seeking in fibromyalgia, 436
in RA, 257, 397, 427
Spanish-language outcome questionnaire and, 93
in SSc, 341, 1035

Denatured collagen, in early RA, antibodies to, 1720

Dendritic cells, in RA, self peptides and, 183

Deoxypyridinoline

bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746
collagen degradation and, 1455

Depression

psychiatric diagnosis in fibromyalgia and, 2086
in scleroderma, 1035
in SLE, 671, 1833

Dermal fibroblasts in SSc, 1339, 1347

Dermatologic vignette

amyopathic DM, 1419
secondary erythermalgia, 1761

Dermatomyositis (DM)

anti-glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase antibodies in, 146
anti-Jo-1 antibodies in, 292
autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in, 1860
HTLV-I DNA in, 535
major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in, 507
Mi-2 in, 868, 1769

Destructive arthropathy

collagen degradation in, 1455
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in RA and, 1576

Dexamethasone

lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552

Diabetes, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Diarrhea, sulfasalazine in psoriatic arthritis and, 2013

Diarthrodial joints, T cells in RA and, 914

Diathesis, hemorrhagic, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, osteonectin in cartilage and, 539

Diet

in OA, 357, 648
in RA, 357, 643

Diffuse SSc

α₁(I) procollagen gene in, 1347
Amerindian HLA haplotype in, 1362
antibodies to heterogeneous nuclear RNP in, 1669
cutaneous, childhood-onset scleroderma and, 1041
free radical injury in, 1146

Digestive system in watermelon stomach in SSc, 1439

Digital ulcers in scleroderma, 1035, 1146

Digoxigenin, Vα and Vβ trancss in RA and, 454

Dimero-flurbiprofen, mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998

Diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase, uridine, fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Disability

in fibromyalgia, 682, 1627
Index, Health Assessment Questionnaire, 64, 616
in OA, 81
pain and, 357
in RA, 616, 713, 723
running, musculoskeletal pain, age and, 64

Discoid lesions in SLE, 2078

Disease activity

autoreactivity to human heat-shock protein 60 in oligoarticular JRA and, 1826
early undifferentiated connective tissue disease and, 403
insulin-like growth factor in arthritic joints and, 1556
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747
nuclear factor-|gkB transcription factor and, 583
in RA, 34, 115, 257, 357, 397, 415, 713, 1027, 1092, 1102, 1371, 1711, 1720, 1808, 1818
SK&F 106615 in rat adjuvant arthritis and, 504
in SLE, 287, 370, 671, 792, 1178, 1441, 1444, 1466, 1654, 1840, 2035
SLICC/ACR damage index and, 363
in SSc, 1146, 1362
subglottic stenosis in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 1754
sulfasalazine in AS and, 1400
TNF receptor p75 in JRA and, 883

Disease duration

CT of the knee in gout and, 1406
in early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403
in fibromyalgia, 682
penicillin in Behçet's disease and, 2062
in polymyalgia rheumatica, 304
in RA, 41, 616
in renal vascular damage in SSc, 1030
in Sjögren's syndrome, 297

Disease exacerbation

antibiotics in reactive arthritis and, 1238
epidemiology of Wegener's granulomatosis and, 87
progressive resistance training and, in RA, 415
in SLE, 9, 370, 2083

Disease flares

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis, 2052
of lupus nephritis after cyclophosphamide, 2028
maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191
in RA, 713, 1016, 1021, 1970

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), in RA, 115, 162, 616, 713, 723, 1006, 1016

Disease onset

α₁(I) procollagen gene in SSc fibroblasts and, 1347
anticytokine therapy of collagen arthritis in DBA/1 mice and, 797
in antisynthetase syndrome, 692
in chronic arthropathy after rubella vaccine, 1529
in collagen arthritis, 495, 797, 1545
corticosteroids, antibiotics and, in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis, 1596
in fibromyalgia, 682
in lupus nephritis after cyclophosphamide, 2028
in RA, 713
in SLE, 23, 1840

Disease outcome, in early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403

Disease progression

antibodies to heterogeneous nuclear RNP in SSc and, 1669
cytokine mRNA in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1376
IL-10 in collagen arthritis and, 495
in OA of the finger joints, 308
penicillin in Behçet's disease and, 2062
in RA, 616, 1006, 1246, 1802

Disease remission

antiribosomal P antibodies and, in SLE, 671
autoreactivity to human heat-shock protein 60 in oligoarticular JRA and, 1826
early undifferentiated connective tissue disease and, 403
in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis, 2052
in RA, 191, 713, 996, 1246

Disease severity

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
corticosteroids, antibiotics and, in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis, 1596
γ/δ T cells in rat adjuvant arthritis and, 204
in JRA, 623, 746
penicillin in Behçet's disease and, 2062
in RA, 266, 629, 713, 1711, 1720, 1802
in SLE, 379, 979
in SSc, 1035, 1151

Distal extremities, swelling of, pitting edema and, in polymyalgia rheumatica, 73

Distal interphalangeal joints, in OA, 308

Dizygotic twins, cigarette smoking, risk of RA in, 732

DNA

antibodies, 522, 894, 938
anti-topo I, lung cancer and, in SSc, 686
bacterial, molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950
Borrelia burgdorferi, in synovium, 736
complementary, anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313
detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction and, 1740
HTLV-I and, 535, 1410
in lymphocyte apoptosis in Sjögren's syndrome, 1875
oligotyping, 1362, 1507, 1833
plasmid, direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
in RA, 1781, 2080
in SLE, 9, 370, 663, 1833
thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor in Sjögren's syndrome and, 773
typing, 938, 1151, 1246

Dorsal forearm skin, intravenous immunoglobulins and, in SLE, 704

Dorsal patella, knee pain and, 1244

Doxycycline, procollagenase and, 235

DQA1

haplotypes, ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE and, 1833
in SSc and RA, 152

DQA1*0501 alleles, in Sjögren's syndrome, 1733

DQB1

haplotypes, ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE and, 1833
in SSc and RA, 152

DQB1*0201, DQB1*0301 alleles, in Sjögren's syndrome, 1733

DR3, in myositis, 507

DR4, T cell receptor β gene polymorphism and, in RA, 931

DRB1

collagen antibodies in early RA and, 1720
haplotypes, ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE and, 1833

DRB1*0301 alleles, in Sjögren's syndrome, 1733

DRB1*1302,DQB1*0604 haplotype, antifibrillarin in SSc and, 1151

Drug interactions, acute febrile toxicity after MTX and azathioprine in RA, 1016

Drugs

acidic prodrugs, 1998
all-trans-retinoic acid, 1423
5-aminosalicylic acid, 1400
amitriptyline, 1852
antibiotic, 1238, 1596, 1939
anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody-coated lymphocytes (cM-T412), 52
antifolate, 723
antihyperuricemic, 1406
antiinflammatory, 1455, 1998
antioxidant, 1146
antirheumatic, 1006
antithymocyte globulin, 1132
anti-TNFα, 1077
aspirin, 1818
auranofin, 616, 723
aurothioglucose, 723
aurothiomalate, 723
azathioprine, 616, 723, 1016, 1435, 1436
benzathine penicillin, 2062
bisphosphonate, 397, 1791
calcitriol, 1791
chlorambucil, 723
chloroquine, 1818
ciprofloxacin, 1238
colchicine, 1213, 2062
collagen, oral type II, 41
corticosteroids, 73, 277, 297, 704, 723, 1199, 1254, 1475, 1773, 1818, 2070
cyclophosphamide, 171, 723, 1475, 2028, 2052
cyclosporine, 723, 1006, 1491
cytostatic, 266
deflazacort, 1818
dexamethasone, 226, 539, 552
DMARD, 115, 162, 616, 713, 723, 1006, 1016
doxycycline, 235
etidronate, 1791
fluoride, 1791
fluoxetine, 1852
flurbiprofen, 1998
folinic acid, 2052 \
γ-linolenic acid, 1808
glucocorticoid, 216, 226, 552, 713, 723, 1754, 1791
gold, 616, 713, 723, 1932, 1951
hormone replacement, 1791
hydroxychloroquine, 34, 157, 616, 723, 1055
N-\[4-hydroxyphenyl\] retinamide, 1021
immunosuppressive, 1, 157, 266, 325, 638, 704, 1016, 1754
indomethacin, 321
intravenous immunoglobulin, 1027
methotrexate (MTX), 171, 272, 325, 489, 616, 713, 723, 1016, 1115, 1435, 1436, 1608, 1951, 2052, 2070
methylprednisolone, 216, 1970
metronidazole, 321
muscarinic type III cholinergic agonists, 195
nabumetone, 1998
naproxen, 321, 515, 891
NSAID, 73, 321, 357, 515, 616, 713, 723, 1998, 2004
opioid, 357
pamidronate, 397
penicillamine, 616, 713, 723, 1951
penicillin, 2062
pilocarpine, 195
pravastatin, 1259
prednisolone, 216
prednisone, 304, 616, 713, 723, 1791, 2052
recombinant human IL-1 receptor I, 257
retinoic acid, 1423
retinoid, 1021
SAARD, 996
salsalate, 321
second-line, 1773, 1818
salmon calcitonin nasal spray, 1791
SK&F 106615, 504
steroid, 1, 171, 610, 1199, 1264, 1791
sulfamethoxazole, 2052
sulfapyridine, 1400
sulfasalazine, 34, 616, 711, 723, 1400, 2004, 2013, 2021
sulfonamide, 1400
tenidap, 1263
thiazide diuretics, 1791
topical tretinoin, 1070
triamcinolone, 277
trimethoprim, 723, 2052
xylocaine, 277
zileuton, 515
zymosan, 515

Drummer's finger, 1258

Dry eyes, in Sjögren's syndrome, 297

Dry mouth, in Sjögren's syndrome, 57, 195

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Dyscrasia, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423

Dysmotility, esophageal, centromere kinesin-like protein, CENP-E in SSc and, 1355

Dyspepsia, sulfasalazine in psoriatic arthritis and, 2013

Dyspnea

in drug therapy in RA, 723
in Wegener's granulomatosis of the lungs, 615
E

Ear, in child with SLE, 2078

Early RA

collagen antibodies in, 1720
N-\[4-hydroxyphenyl\] retinamide in, 1021
oral type II collagen in, 41
sawtooth strategy in, 996
Vα and Vβ trancss in, 454

Early SSc, pathologic analysis of, 1161

Early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403

Economic factors

disability in fibromyalgia and, 1627
in social and psychological impact of musculoskeletal conditions, 1931

Ectasia, gastric antral vascular, in SSc, 341

Ectoenzymes, soluble bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 in RA, 629

EDA-containing fibronectin, synovial cell adherence on, 1685

Edema

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
pitting, 73, 1931

Education level

barriers to return to work due to arthritis and musculoskeletal disease and, 101
running, musculoskeletal pain, age and, 64

Effector cells

CD56 cells in SLE and, 1840
self peptides, dendritic cells and, in RA, 183

Effusions

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
pericardial, in SSc, 1138
synovial, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in RA and, 1576

Elastic cartilage, nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245

Elderly

OA in, 81, 357
RA in, 357, 415, 1115

Emergency room visits for SLE, health care costs and, 979

Emotional factors

depression in scleroderma and, 1035
in RA, 427

Endocarditis, Libman-Sacks, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Endocrinopathy, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423

Endoglycosidase H, osteonectin in cartilage and, 539

Endoscopy, in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341

Endothelial activation, imaging of, in RA, 1371

Endothelial cells

adhesion molecules and, 467, 810, 1970
hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
in RA, 1082, 1576
vascular, in JRA and juvenile spondylarthropathy, 1703

Endothelial E-selectin, in SSc, 1161

Endothelial migration, hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566

Endothelin-1, in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041

Endothelium

in RA, 1576, 1970
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
vascular, 583, 1082, 1441, 1444, 1466

End-stage hip disease, revision total hip arthroplasty in, 1939

End-stage joint disease, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Enteropathy, NSAIDs and, in RA, 321

Enterotoxin A, staphylococcal, T cells, bacterial superantigens and, in RA synoviocytes, 125

Enterotoxin D, RF-producing B cells in RA and, 1499

env gene

antibodies to peptides in SLE and, 1654
HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Environmental factors

Amerindian HLA haplotype in SSc and, 1362
hair dye use and SLE, 657
in JRA, 1385

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

compared with anticardiolipin immunoassay for anti-β₂ - {ndx2}glycoprotein I, 1606
detection of ENA by, in SLE, 1055

Enzymes

angiotensin-converting, in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041
in antisynthetase syndrome, 692
copper-dependent, collagen degradation and, 1455
ecto-, 629
glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase in myositis and, 146
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in human serum and, 252
procollagenase, doxycycline and, 235
in RA, 629, 1576, 1781

Epidemiologic studies

anti-HTLV-I antibody in RA, 463
augmentation mammoplasty and SSc, 1125
JRA, 1385
Sjögren's syndrome, 195
Wegener's granulomatosis, 87

Epidermal necrolysis, toxic, after sulfasalazine in psoriatic arthritis, 711

Epidermal skin blisters, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137

Epithelial cells, thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor in Sjögren's syndrome and, 773

Epitopes

antibodies to aggrecan in SF in, 1990
antibodies to peptides in SLE and, 1654
anti-topo I, lung cancer and, in SSc, 686
autoantigen, anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313
collagen, fibroblast adhesion to articular cartilage and, 1072
glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase in myositis and, 146
HLA-DRB1 genes, disease severity and, in RA, 1802
Ki antigen homology and, 855
nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894
of PM-Scl antigen, 1588

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

lymphomas in RA and, 325, 638
thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor in Sjögren's syndrome and, 773

Erosions

in OA of the finger joints, 308
in RA, 162, 1006, 1802, 1934
silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619

Erosive arthropathy, cryocrystalglobulinemia, systemic vasculopathy and, 335

Erosive RA, collagen antibodies in, 1720

Erosive synovitis, in RA, 713

Erythermalgia, secondary, painful, swollen and erythematous hands and feet in, 1761

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

in focal myositis in MCTD, 1254
in polymyalgia rheumatica, 304
as predictor of disease exacerbations in SLE, 370

Erythrocytes, silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619

Escherichia coli, autoantibodies directed against tRNA in interstitial lung disease and, 1308

E-selectin

anti-endothelial cell antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
in RA, 1077, 1082, 1371, 1970
in SSc, 1041, 1161
synovial endothelial cells and, 467
T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137

Esophageal dysmotility, centromere kinesin-like protein, CENP-E in SSc and, 1355

Etidronate, in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Ethnic studies

major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis, 1507
of SLE, 663, 1833

European criteria for Sjögren's syndrome, in hepatitis C virus and sicca syndrome, 1166

European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), response criteria for RA, 34

Exercise

OA, sports and, 988
pain and, 357
in RA, 357, 415
running, musculoskeletal pain, age and, 64

Expectation bias, in RA clinical trials, 1773

Experimental OA, IL-1 receptor antagonist in, 1535

Experimental serum sickness, acute, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Experimental Staphylococcus aureus, corticosteroids and antibiotics in, 1596

Extraarticular features

of HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders, 1410
of RA, 183, 713

Extracellular matrix

effect of nitric oxide on chondrocytes and, 1905
fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Extracellular space, MTX and, 1951

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy, in psoriatic arthritis, 1519

Extractable nuclear antigens (ENA)

detection of, by ELISA, in SLE, 1055
in RA in Native Americans, 283

Extraglandular features of Sjögren's syndrome

long-term followup of, 297
mixed monoclonal cryoglobulinemia and, 767

Extremities

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
distal, swelling of, pitting edema and, in polymyalgia rheumatica, 73
ischemia and gangrene of, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Eyes

in Behçet-type vasculopathy without Behçet's disease, 1926
dry, in Sjögren's syndrome, 297
HTLV-I in autoimmune disorders and, 1410
F

Fab fragments, risk of lymphoma in primary Sjögren's syndrome and, 767

Face

in Kawasaki disease, 2078
photosensitive pruritic rash on, in amyopathic DM, 1419

Factors

anti-tumor necrosis, in RA, 1077, 1082
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating, 386, 836, 1287
growth, 195, 539, 552, 560, 829, 914, 959, 968, 1192, 1267, 1376, 1556, 1566, 1896
leukemia inhibitory, TIMP-1, oncostatin M and, in cartilage, 560
nuclear factor-|gkB, 1410
nucleolar transcription NOR 90/hUBF, 1313
recombinant human stem cell, human synovial mast cells and, 1222
scatter, 1566
thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived, in Sjögren's syndrome, 773
tumor necrosis, 9, 125, 183, 195, 197, 226, 386, 467, 495, 539, 552, 797, 959, 1109, 1115, 1161, 1410, 1545, 1693, 1703, 1781
von Willebrand, in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041

Familial Mediterranean fever, colchicine in breast milk in, 1213

Familial primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 705

Fas

molecules, autoimmune disorders, HTLV-I and, 1410
soluble, in SLE, 1611, 1612

Fat necrosis, subcutaneous, polyarthritis, pancreatic disease and, 1922

Fatal opportunistic infection, after cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids in SLE, 1475

Fatal postpartum vasculitis, in SLE, 352

Fatigue

in fibromyalgia, 682, 2086
in RA, 415, 713

Fatty acids, γ-linolenic acid in RA, 1808

Fc receptors, IgG, antigen-presenting cell function in SLE and, 600

Fcγ receptors, IL-10 in RA and, 386

Feet

cyclosporine in early RA and, 1006
in secondary erythermalgia, 1761

Femoral condyle, IL-1 and, 478, 1535

Femoral neck

bone mass, pamidronate and, in RA, 397
bone mineral density, bone loss, age and, in OA, 81

Femoral osteophytes, sports, risk of OA and, 988

Femur

glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
manoalide in IL-1α arthritis and, 1292
in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Fertility, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Fetus

loss of, 9, 1441, 1444, 1466
maternal-fetal immunology and autoimmune disease, 191

Fever

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in acute toxic reaction in RA after MTX and azathioprine, 1016
in focal myositis and MCTD, 1254
HLA, anti-U1 RNP and, in connective tissue disease, 938
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939
Rocky Mountain spotted, acute monarticular arthritis in, 175, 2088
vascular injury in SLE and, 9
in Wegener's granulomatosis of the lungs, 615

Fibers, elastic, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747

Fibrillarin, autoantibodies to, in SSc, 1151

Fibrinolysis, disease activity in SLE and, 287

Fibroblast growth factor

basic, osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
receptor, T cells in RA and, 914

Fibroblastic rheumatism, low-dose MTX in, 2070

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes

collagenase, adenosine and, 923
in RA, 1781

Fibroblasts

adhesion of, to articular cartilage, 1072
autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in myositis and, 1860
hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747
in SSc, 1338, 1347
synovial, 226, 574, 820, 1576
T cells in RA synoviocytes and, 125

Fibromyalgia

disability and, 1627
fluoxetine and amitriptyline in, 1852
long-term followup of, 682
multi-organ dysesthesia and, 180
psychiatric diagnosis and health care-seeking in, 436, 2086
rubella vaccine and, 1529
Spanish-language outcome questionnaire in, 93

Fibronectin

adhesion of nitric acid on chondrocytes and, 1905
EDA-containing, synovial cell adhesion and, 1685
nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894
synthesis of, in articular cartilage, 567

Fibroproliferation, hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566

Fibrosis

hepatic, drug therapy in RA and, 723
lung, 152, 692, 1074, 1308, 1362

Fingers

dactylitis of, in seronegative spondylarthropathy, 1524
drummer's, 1258
joints of, 308, 325
splinter hemorrhage after arterial puncture in, 169

Fitness, progressive resistance training in RA and, 415

Flagellin gene, Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in synovium and, 736

Fluency, neuropsychological deficits in SLE without central nervous system disease, 2035

Fluid retention, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Fluoride, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Fluoxetine, amitriptyline and, in fibromyalgia, 1852

Flurbiprofen, mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998

Focal bone lesion irradiation, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423

Focal lymphocytic infiltrates, in Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Focal myositis, in MCTD, 1254

Focal segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Folate \

antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648
deficiency, drug therapy and, 723, 1951

Folinic acid, disease remission in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis and, 2052

Followup studies

antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA, 648
antisynthetase syndrome, 692
barriers to return to work due to arthritis and musculoskeletal diseases, 101
CT of the knee in gout, 1406
fibromyalgia, 682
focal myositis and MCTD, 1254
JRA, 1385
OA of the finger joints, 308
RA, 34, 115, 415, 1246, 1491
Sjögren's syndrome, 297
SSc, 677, 1132

Food and Drug Administration (FDA), drug therapy in RA and, 723

Forced vital capacity in interstitial lung disease in RA, 1711

Foreign antigens, silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619

Forskolin, collagenase, adenosine and, 923

Fractures

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Framingham OA Study, antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648

Free fatty acids, γ-linolenic acid in RA, 1808

Free radical injury, in scleroderma, 1146

Freund's adjuvant

complete, phagocytes, inflammation and, in collagen arthritis, 1545
in silicone immunology, 1615, 1619

Functional ability

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
depression in scleroderma and, 1035
in fibromyalgia, 1627
in OA, 357
pain and, 357
in RA, 34, 357, 415, 427, 616, 713, 996
Spanish-language outcome questionnaire and, 93

Fusion proteins

PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588
recombinant, autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II and, 1886
G

G1 domain, native, antibodies to, in aggrecan in SF, 1990

gag gene

autoimmune disorders, HTLV-I and, 1410
peptides in SLE and, 1654

Gait, progressive resistance training in RA and, 415

γ/δ T cells

in rat adjuvant arthritis, 204
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
in Sjögren's syndrome, 1733

Gamma-linolenic acid, in RA, 1808

Gammopathy

biclonal, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423
monoclonal, cryocrystalglobulinemia and, 335

Gangrene

limb, vascular injury in SLE and, 9
systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma and, 330

Gastric antral vascular ectasia, in SSc, 341

Gastroenteritis, infectious, nitric oxide in RA and, 643

Gastrointestinal involvement

hemorrhage, in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341
NSAID, mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998
in RA, 713, 723
sulfasalazine and, 2004, 2013, 2021
vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Gelatinase B

in giant cell arteritis, 1747
in RA, 1576

Gender

antifibrillarin in SSc and, 1151
antiribosomal P antibodies and, in SLE, 671
effect of MTX on mouse bone cells and, 489
ESR in polymyalgia rheumatica and, 304
in JRA, 1385
maternal-fetal immunology and autoimmune disease, 191
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266
in OA, 81, 648, 988
pyoderma gangrenosum, spondylarthropathy and, 1062
in RA, 723, 1246
in silicone immunology, 1615, 1619

Generalized lymphadenopathy in hypercalcemia and SLE, 2066

Generalized Wegener's granulomatosis, disease remission in, 2052

Genes

α₁(I) procollagen, 1347
α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
Amerindian HLA haplotype, SSc and, 1362
apoptosis-associated, lymphocyte apoptosis and, in Sjögren's syndrome, 1875
collagenase, 574, 923
direct delivery of, to synovium, 820
germline, VH , monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies and, 537
HTLV-I DNA in PM/DM and, 535
luciferase reporter, matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by tyrosine kinases and, 574
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
mapping of, in myositis, 1507
maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191
in RA, 446, 454, 638, 1021
in SLE, 23, 663, 1654
transcription factor NF-|gkB, TNFα and, 197
TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes, 552

Genetics

C1q deficiency in SLE and, 663
HLA genes and, in AS and reactive arthritis, 943
major histocompatibility complex alleles in myositis and, 1507
osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
primary Raynaud's disease and, 1189
in SSc, 1166, 1362
T cell receptor β genes, HLA-DR4 and, in RA, 931

Genital infection, reactive arthritis and, 1172

Genomes

EBV, clonality of, in lymphomas in RA, 638
hereditary C1q deficiency in SLE and, 663

Genotypes, HLA, in SSc and RA, 152

Geographic factors, epidemiology of Wegener's granulomatosis and, 87

Germline genes, VH , monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies and, 537

Germline mutations, T cells in lupus and, 23

Germline polymorphisms, T cell receptor β genes, HLA-DR4 and, in RA, 931

Gestation, maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191

Giant cell arteritis

amyloidosis and, 1073
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in, 1747
in polymyalgia rheumatica, 73, 1199

Glands

salivary, 1161, 1376, 1410, 1609
in Sjögren's syndrome, 195, 773, 783, 1376, 1609

Glaucoma, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Global assessment

intravenous immunoglobulin in refractory RA and, 1027
oral type II collagen in JRA and, 623
sulfasalazine and, 1400, 2004, 2013, 2021

Globulin, antithymocyte, in SSc, 1132

Glomeruli

in IgA multiple myeloma, Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa and, 698
nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Glomerulonephritis, in SLE, 9, 894

Glucagon, protein metabolism, aging and, in RA, 1115

Glucocorticoid drugs

injectable, in subglottic stenosis in Wegener's granulomatosis, 1754
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
osteoporosis induced by, 1791
in RA, 216, 713, 723
TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552 \

Glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 null alleles, in SLE, 1763

Gly amino acid, hereditary C1q deficiency in SLE and, 663

Glycoforms, anti-CD45 autoantibodies in SLE and, 592

Glycoprotein, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol, soluble bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 in RA and, 629

Glycosylation

human TAP alleles for HLA-B27 binding peptides and, 1892
osteonectin in cartilage and, 539

Glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase, autoantibodies to, in myositis, 146

Gold

amyloidosis as side effect of, 1932
intramuscular, 616
MTX and, 1951
in RA, 616, 723, 1246

Gonococcal arthritis, molecular diagnosis of, 950

Gorilla studies, arthritis, 891

Gout

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
CT of the knee in, 1406
TGFβ in MSU crystal-induced inflammation and, 1192

gp70/anti-gp70, retroviral, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

gp150/95, α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

Graft-versus-host disease, maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191

Granules, human synovial mast cells and, 1222

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

CD80/CD86 in chronic arthritis and, 1287
in RA, 386, 836

Granulomatosis, Wegener's, 87, 615, 758, 1262, 1754, 2052

Granulomatous microcrystalline synovial inflammation, in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335

Greek studies, ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE, 1833

Grip strength

oral type II collagen in JRA and, 623
on Spanish-language outcome questionnaire, 93

Group A streptococcal infection, musculoskeletal manifestations of, 1260

Growth factors

cartilage and, 539, 829
fibroblast, 539, 914
hepatocyte, in arthritis, 1566
insulin-like, 968, 1556
platelet-derived AA, 552, 1267
TIMP-1, oncostatin M and, in articular cartilage, 560
transforming, 195, 552, 560, 959, 1192, 1267, 1376, 1896

Growth hormones, protein metabolism, aging and, in RA, 1115

Guidelines

for the initial evaluation of adults with acute musculoskeletal symptoms, 1
for OA of the hip and knee, 887, 2083
for RA, 713, 723

Guinea pig studies

degenerative joint disease, 1327
silicone immunology, 1615, 1619

Gut, MTX and, 1951

H

^{3 H-proline, recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 in human articular chondrocytes and, 1896}

^{3 H-thymidine}

IL-13 in RA and, 1693
TIMP-1, oncostatin M and, in articular cartilage, 560
transcription factor NF-|gkB, TNF α and, 197

Hair dye use, SLE and, 657

Hand

in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
OA of the finger joints, 308
in polyarteritis nodosa, 2078
in RA, 325, 1006
in secondary erythermalgia, 1761

Haplotypes

HLA-DR3, circulating T cell receptor γ/δ cells in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1733
major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 1507
mannose-binding protein polymorphisms in black patients with SLE and, 2046
silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619
in SSc, 152, 1362

Headache, MTX and, 1951

Healing phenomena in RA, 162, 1934

Health Assessment Questionnaire

depression in scleroderma and, 1035
Modified, Spanish-language, 93
in OA, 81
in RA, 216, 616, 1711
in study of running, musculoskeletal pain and age, 64

Health care costs in SLE in the US and Canada, 979

Health care-seeking, psychiatric diagnosis in fibromyalgia and, 436

Health outcome of telephone intervention in OA and RA, 1391

Health status, antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648

Heart

calcific constrictive pericarditis in CREST syndrome, 347
human synovial mast cells and, 1222
thallium perfusion and cardiac dysfunction in SSc, 677

Heat-shock protein

nitric oxide and, in adjuvant arthritis and collagen arthritis, 1677
60, autoreactivity to, disease remission and, in oligoarticular JRA, 1826

HeLa cells

anti-Jo-1 antibodies in myositis and, 292
autoantibodies against tRNA and, 1308

Helper cells in RA, 1499, 1773

Hematology

disease exacerbation and hematocrit in SLE, 370
disorders, cyclophosphamide in lupus nephritis and, 2028
hemoglobin {ndx2}adhesion of nitric oxide on chondrocytes and, 1905 {ndx2}ESR in polymyalgia rheumatica and, 304 {ndx2}in NSAID enteropathy and chronic anemia in RA, 321
hemolytic anemia, microangiopathic, vascular injury in SLE and, 9
malignancy in SLE and, 1050
toxicity, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Hemispherical cups in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Hemochromatosis, in adults with acute musculoskeletal symptoms, 1767

Hemorrhage

in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341
pulmonary alveolar, vascular injury in SLE and, 9
in RA, 321, 723
splinter, after arterial puncture, 169

Hemorrhagic diathesis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Hemostasis, molecular markers of, in SLE, 287

Henoch-Schönlein purpura

human parvovirus B19 infection in, 880
polyarteritis nodosa overlap, IgA multiple myeloma presenting as, 698
rash and arthritis in, 2078

Heparan sulfate

proteoglycan, antivascular, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
in synovial cell adhesion on EDA-containing fibronectin, 1685

Heparinase, heparitinase, in synovial cell adhesion on EDA-containing fibronectin, 1685

Hepatic infarction, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Hepatitis C

in porphyria cutanea tarda and SLE, 352
virus, 1027, 1074, 1166

Hepatocyte growth factor in inflammatory arthritis, 1566

Herbimycin A, matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574

Hereditary osteodystrophy, Albright's 1921

Herpes simplex virus, direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820

Heterogeneity

antiphospholipid antibodies and, 1441, 1444, 1466
autoantibodies to glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase in myositis and, 146
in fibroblasts in SSc, 1338
Vα and Vβ trancss in early RA and, 454

Heterogeneous nRNP in SSc, 1669

High-dose corticosteroids

infection after cyclophosphamide and, in SLE, 1475
intravenous, in focal myositis and MCTD, 1254

High-dose intravenous immunoglobulins, in SLE, 704

Hip

arthritis in, in gorilla, 891
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
in OA, 81, 357, 988, 2083
in RA, 357
total replacement of, 357, 1939

Hispanic studies

major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis, 1507
ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE and, 1833

Histamine, human synovial mast cells and, 1222

Histidyl-transfer RNA

in antisynthetase syndrome, 692
major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in myositis and, 1507

Histology

antibiotics in reactive arthritis and, 1238
autoimmune disorders, HTLV-I and, 1410
collagen arthritis and, 495, 797
degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig and, 1327
IL-1 receptor antagonist in experimental OA and, 1535
low-dose MTX in fibroblastic rheumatism and, 2070
in progression of RA after bone marrow transplantation, 1246
SK&F 106615 in rat adjuvant arthritis and, 504
transcription factor NF-|gkB and, 583

Histones, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Histopathology in systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma, 330

HLA

alleles, 1355, 1362, 1733
antigens, in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
genes, 943
haplotypes, silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619
maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191
in RA, 152, 1109
sexually transmitted diseases, reactive arthritis and, 1172
in SLE, 23, 792
in SSc, 152, 1151, 1362
typing, 868, 931, 939, 1166

HLA-B associations of HLA-B27 negative AS, 1768

HLA-B27

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in AS, 943, 1768
binding peptides, human TAP alleles for, 1892
HLA genes and, in reactive arthritis, 943

HLA-DQ alleles in myositis, 1507

HLA-DQ8, ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE and, 1833

HLA-DQB1

alleles, 1151, 1355, 1833
HLA-DRB1 genes, disease severity and, in RA, 1802

HLA-DR in RA, 183, 386, 454, 836

HLA-DR2 alleles in myositis, 1507

HLA-DR2, DQ6 haplotype, ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE and, 1833

HLA-DR3 haplotype, circulating T cell receptor γ/δ cells in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1733

HLA-DR4

alleles, in myositis, 1507
in RA, 931, 1802

HLA-DR7, Mi-2 autoantibodies in DM and, 868

HLA-DR8 in acute anterior uveitis in AS, 351

HLA-DRβ chain Mi-2 autoantibodies in DM, 868

HLA-DRB1 in RA, 1109, 1802

Homecysteine, MTX and, 1951

Homeostasis

calcium, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
T cells and, 904

Homogeneity, Amerindian HLA haplotype, SSc and, 1362

Homology, Ki antigen epitope, 855

Homozygosity

Mi-2 autoantibodies in DM and, 868
in SLE, 663, 1763
TNF microsattelite polymorphisms, HLA and, in RA, 1109

Hormones

osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
parathyroid, bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746
protein metabolism, aging and, in RA, 1115
replacement therapy, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
sex, 1766, 1791

Hospital health care costs of SLE in the US and Canada, 979

Hospitalization

antithymocyte globulin in SSc and, 1132
epidemiology of Wegener's granulomatosis and, 87

HTLV-I

autoimmune disorders and, 1410
DNA, in PM/DM, 535
in the macaque, 610

Human IL-1 receptor antagonist in RA, 1092

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

infection, hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and arthritis, 157
transcription factor NF-|gkB, TNFα and, 197

Human parvovirus B19 infection in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 880

Human studies

antibodies to aggrecan in SF, 1990
articular cartilage, 478, 560, 567
chondrocytes, 1430, 1896
detection of anticentromere antibodies using recombinant human CENP-1 protein, 863
doxycycline and procollagenase, 235
inflammation and basic calcium phosphate crystals, 1319
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion, 226
manoalide in IL-1α arthritis and, 1292
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in serum, 252
recombinant osteogenic protein 1, 1896
silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619
synovial endothelial cell adhesion molecules, 467
synovial mast cells, 1222
T cells in lupus, 23
TAP alleles for HLA-B27 binding peptides, 1892
TGFβ₁ in crystal-induced inflammation, 1192
transcription factor NF-|gkB, 197, 583
TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes, 552

Human T lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I)

autoimmune disorders and, 1410
DNA in PM/DM, 535
macaque infected with, 610
peptides in SLE and, 1654
tax gene in Sjögren's syndrome, 1609

Humoral immune response, T cells in lupus and, 23

Humoral immunity, MTX and, 1951

Hyaline articular cartilage, nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in, 245

Hyaluronan, TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552

Hybridoma cells, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Hydroxyapatite

glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
inflammation, basic calcium phosphate crystals and, 1319

Hydroxychloroquine

in AIDS and arthritis, 157
anti-ENA in SLE and, 1055
in RA, 34, 616, 723

Hydroxyproline

recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 in human articular chondrocytes and, 1896
urinary, bone mass, pamidronate and, in RA, 397

Hypercalcemia, SLE and, 2066

Hypergammaglobulinemia, autoimmune disorders, HTLV-I and, 1410

Hyperplasia, α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

Hypersensitivity, delayed-type, 137, 1615, 1619

Hypertension

arterial, cardiac involvement in limited SSc and, 1138
drug therapy in RA and, 723
malignant, in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
pulmonary, free radical injury in scleroderma and, 1146
renovascular, vascular injury in SLE and, 9
systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma and, 330

Hypoalbuminemia, pancytopenia, MTX and, in RA, 272

Hypocomplementemia, HLA, anti-U1 RNP and, in connective tissue disease, 938

Hypogonadism, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Hypoprothrombinemia, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Hyporesponsiveness, CD69 in RA and, 1277

Hypoxemia, acute reversible, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

I

Idiopathic autoimmune disease

HTLV-I in, 1410
T cells in lupus and, 23

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, carnitine in muscle in, 1869

Idiopathic Sjögren's syndrome, HTLV-I in, 1410

Idiotype

antiidiotypic antibodies in SLE and, 1980
anti-Ro and anti-La anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
cross-reactive, risk of lymphoma in primary Sjögren's syndrome and, 767

IgA

antibodies, anti-topo I, lung cancer and, in SSc, 686
multiple myeloma, presenting as Henoch-Schölein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, 698
sulfasalazine in AS and, 1400

IgE, human synovial mast cells and, 1222

IgG

anti-Ro and anti-La anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
antibodies, 686, 758, 1441, 1444, 1466, 1499, 1720, 1990
in familial primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 705
MTX and, 1951
RF-producing B cells and, in RA, 1499
silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619
in Sjögren's syndrome, 195
in SLE, 9, 600, 1441, 1444, 1466, 1664, 1980
sulfasalazine in AS and, 1400
3, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

IgM

antibodies, 1441, 1444, 1466, 1499
|gk, risk of lymphoma in primary Sjögren's syndrome and, 767
RF-producing B cells and, in RA, 1499
in SLE, 592, 600, 1441, 1444, 1664, 1466, 1980
sulfasalazine in AS and, 1400

Imaging studies of endothelial activation in RA, 1371

Immune complexes in SLE, 9, 894

Immune response

in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 1441, 1444, 1466
in autoimmune disorders and HTLV-I, 1410
MTX and, 1951
in RA, 110, 125, 446, 454
silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619
in SLE, 9, 23, 1664

Immunity, cellular and humoral, MTX and, 1951

Immunization, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Immunoassay, anticardiolipin, ELISA and, for anti-β₂ -glycoprotein I, 1606

Immunoconjugates, anti-CD5, in RA, 1102

Immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and, 179

Immunofluorescence, intravenous immunoglobulins in SLE and, 704

Immunogenetics

anti-U1 RNA antibodies in connective tissue disease and, 1265
Mi-2 autoantibodies, HLA-DR and, in DM, 868
RA and, 152
ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE and, 1833
SSc and, 152, 1151

Immunoglobulins

α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
in IgA multiple myeloma, Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, 698
intravenous, 704, 1027
in RA, 638, 1371, 1499
risk of lymphoma in primary Sjögren's syndrome and, 767

Immunohistology in hypercalcemia and SLE, 2066

Immunology

of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 1441, 1444, 1466
autoantibodies to glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase in myositis and, 146
autoimmune disorders, HTLV-I and, 1410
hepatitis C virus in sicca syndrome and, 1166
HLA alleles in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1733
human synovial mast cells and, 1222
IL-1, articular cartilage and, 478
maternal-fetal, autoimmune disease and, 191
of MTX, 1951
of shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619

Immunopathology, neuropsychological deficits in SLE without central nervous system disease and, 2035

Immunoreactivity

hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in human serum and, 252

Immunoregulation, IL-10 in RA and, 386

Immunosuppressive drugs

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266
in RA, 325, 1016
in SLE, 704, 1840

Implant removal, revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Impotence, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

In situ hybridization, to study cytokine mRNA in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis, 959

Indian Health Services, SSc, Amerindian HLA haplotype and, 1362

Indomethacin, enteropathy and chronic anemia in RA induced by, 321

Inducible lymphocyte antigen, fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Infection

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
Amerindian HLA haplotype, SSc and, 1362
after cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids in SLE, 1475
cytokine mRNA in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959
genital, reactive arthritis and, 1172
group A streptococcal, musculoskeletal manifestations of, 1260
hepatitis C virus, 1074, 1166
HIV, 1437
HTLV-I, 610, 1410
molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266
opportunistic, hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and arthritis, 157
in RA, 272, 463, 638, 723, 1016, 1027, 1437
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939
thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor in Sjögren's syndrome and, 773

Infectious gastroenteritis, nitric oxide in RA and, 643

Infertility, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Inflammation

acute, MTX and, 1951
anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
autoimmune disorders, HTLV-I and, 1410
in Behçet-type vasculopathy without Behçet's disease, 1926
in collagen arthritis, 495, 797, 1545
crystal-induced, 1, 1192, 1319
cytokines and, 959, 1703
direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
fibronectin in articular cartilage and, 567
glomerular, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894
human chondrocyte integrins in SF and, 1430
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and arthritis, 157
joint, 125, 216, 552, 713, 1371, 1961, 1970
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
manoalide in IL-1α arthritis and, 1292
matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747
in OA, 357
pain and, 357
in RA, 183, 257, 321, 643, 713, 829, 844, 904, 914, 1077, 1693, 1781, 1808, 1934, 1970
in rat adjuvant arthritis, 504, 810
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939
sexually transmitted diseases, reactive arthritis and, 1172
silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619
synovial, 183, 335, 904, 1077
T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor in Sjögren's syndrome and, 773
transcription factor NF-|gkB in, 583

Inflammatory arthritis

AIDS and, hydroxychloroquine in, 157
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in RA and, 1576
molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950
primary, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Inflammatory arthropathy, chronic, 137, 1410

Inflammatory bowel disease, pyoderma gangrenosum, spondylarthropathy and, 1062

Inflammatory cells, MTX and, 1951

Inflammatory infiltrates, α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

Inflammatory joint disease, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Inflammatory myopathy

autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in, 1860
idiopathic, carnitine in muscle in, 1869

Inflammatory vasculopathy, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Injectable IL-1 receptor antagonist, human, 1092, 1535

Injectable IL-1α, human recombinant, manoalide and, 1292

Insulin-like growth factor

in the arthritic joint, 1556
in OA chondrocytes, 968

Integrins

α_d /CD18, 1913
human chondrocyte, in inflammatory SF, 1430

Inter-α-inhibitor, TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)

α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
in RA, 1082, 1970
in rat adjuvant arthritis, 810
synovial endothelial cells and, 467

Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2), synovial endothelial cells and, 467

Intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3), α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

Intercellular matrix, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747

Interferon-γ (IFNγ)

CD80/CD86 in chronic arthritis and, 1287
corticosteroids, antibiotics and, in Staphylococcus aureus {ndx2}arthritis, 1596
cytokine mRNA and, 959, 1376
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
in RA, 125, 1961
in SLE, 379, 600

Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

cartilage and, 478, 829
chondrocytes, metalloproteinase activation and, 709
in collagen arthritis, 495, 1545
collagenase, adenosine and, 923
matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574
MTX and, 1951
in RA, 257, 1781
receptor antagonist, 478, 797, 820, 1092
in Sjögren's syndrome, 195
vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Interleukin-1α (IL-1α)

arthritis induced by, manoalide and, 1292
cartilage and, 478, 539
in collagen arthritis, 797
recombinant human IL-1 receptor I in active RA and, 257

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)

all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423
anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
autoimmune disorders, HTLV-I and, 1410
cartilage and, 478, 539
in collagen arthritis, 797
cytokine mRNA in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959
hepatocyte growth factor in inflammatory arthritis and, 1566
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
MTX and, 1951
in RA, 125, 386, 1693
TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

IL-10 and, 379, 386
mRNA and, in Sjögren's syndrome, 1376
in RA, 1277, 1961
receptors, in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041
in SLE, 600, 1840

Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

cytokine mRNA and, 959, 1376
IL-10:IFNγ-secreting cells in SLE and, 379
in RA, 829, 1693, 1961

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1376

Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423
anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
IL-10:IFNγ-secreting cells in SLE and, 379
in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1264
serum, SK&F 106615 in rat adjuvant arthritis and, 504
in Sjögren's syndrome, 195, 1376
T cells, bacterial superantigens and, in RA synoviocytes, 125
TIMP-1, oncostatin M and, in articular cartilage, 560

Interleukin-8 (IL-8)

anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
T cells, bacterial superantigens and, in RA synoviocytes, 125

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

in collagen arthritis, 495
cytokine mRNA and, 959, 1376
in RA, 386, 829
in Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Interleukin-11 (IL-11), TIMP-1, oncostatin M and, in articular cartilage, 560

Interleukin-12 (IL-12), cytokine mRNA and, 959, 1376

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) in RA, 1693

Interlobar artery, renal vascular damage in SSc and, 1030

International Kidney Biopsy Registry, renal effects of cyclosporine in RA, 1491

International League Against Rheumatism (ILAR), response criteria for RA, 34

International Symposium on Sjögren's Syndrome (Fifth), 195

Interphalangeal joints

distal, OA in, 308
proximal, 162, 308

Interphase cells, mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643

Interstitial collagenase, matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574

Interstitial lung disease

in RA, 1711
tRNA and, 146, 1308

Interstitial nephritis, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Intestinal pseudoobstruction, chronic, anti-PCNA in, 877

Intimal lining, fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Intraarticular corticosteroids, bone and, in RA, 277

Intraarticular IL-1 receptor antagonist in experimental OA, 1535

Intraarticular IL-1α, human recombinant, manoalide and, 1292

Intraarticular tophi in the knee in gout, CT of, 1406

Intracellular proteins, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Intramuscular gold in RA, 616

Intratracheal dilation in subglottic stenosis in Wegener's granulomatosis, 1754

Intravenous antithymocyte globulin in SSc, 1132

Intravenous corticosteroids, high-dose, in focal myositis and MCTD, 1254

Intravenous cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids, infection and, in SLE, 1475

Intravenous immunoglobulins

in RA, 1027
in SLE, 704

Intravenous MTX, disease remission in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis and, 2052

Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone, in RA, 216, 1970

Intronic sequences, α₁(I) procollagen gene in SSc dermal fibroblasts and, 1347

Iritis, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Iron overload, in ACR guidelines for adults with acute musculoskeletal symptoms, 1767

Irradiation

focal bone lesion, all-trans retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423
ultraviolet A, in photopheresis of psoriatic arthritis, 1519

Ischemia

cardiac involvement in limited SSc and, 1138
vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Isoforms

anti-CD45 autoantibodies in SLE and, 592
anticytokine treatment of collagen arthritis and, 797

Isometric exercise, pain and, in RA and OA, 357

Isoprostane, free radical injury in scleroderma and, 1146

Isoprotein, serum apolipoprotein E4, in RA and amyloidosis, 1728

Isotypes in SLE, 9

Isozymes, T cells in lupus and, 23

J

Jβ₂.1 gene, T cells in RA and, 446

Joints

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
ankle, antibiotics in reactive arthritis and, 1238
anticytokine treatment of collagen arthritis in DBA/1 mice and, 797
counts of, 357, 403, 623, 1006, 1773
damage to, 713, 1006
destruction of, 162, 183, 204, 1566, 1703, 1781, 2070
detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in, by polymerase chain reaction, 1740
diarthrodial, 914
direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
diseases of, 1, 357, 988, 1327, 1990
erosion of, 1006
fibronectin in articular cartilage and, 567
finger, 308, 325, 1524
hip, 988, 1939
inflammation of, 125, 216, 552, 713, 1319, 1371, 1566, 1677, 1970
insulin-like growth factor and, 1556
interphalangeal, 162, 308
knee, 820, 1406, 1545
metacarpophalangeal, 162, 308
metatarsophalangeal, 162
MTX in fibroblastic rheumatism and, 2070
in OA, 308, 357, 539, 648, 988
pain in, 711, 713, 1027, 1435, 2013, 2021
patellofemoral, 988
peripheral, sulfasalazine in AS and, 2004
in psoriatic arthritis, 137, 1519
in RA, 53, 125, 162, 183, 216, 357, 397, 454, 539, 713, 904, 914, 1006, 1027, 1077, 1082, 1092, 1781, 1808, 1818, 1970
in rat adjuvant arthritis, 504, 810
rheumatoid, IL-10 and, 386
shoulder, 1435
in silicone immunology, 1615, 1619
small, in early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403
space, 308, 648, 988
stifle, 1234, 1327
swelling of, 257, 415, 623, 1027, 1071, 1092, 1818, 2013, 2021
synovial, 1082
tenderness of, 216, 623, 1027, 2013, 2021
TGFβ in MSU crystal-induced inflammation and, 1192
tibiofemoral, 988

Jugular vein in focal myositis and MCTD, 1254

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

bone mineral metabolism in, 746
cytokines in, 1703
oligoarticular, autoreactivity to heat-shock protein 60 in, 1826
oral type II collagen in, 623
pain and, 357
pauciarticular, 1703
in Rochester, Minnesota, 1385

Juvenile spondylarthropathy, cytokines in, 1703

K

Kawasaki disease

face in, 2078
L-selectin and coronary artery lesions in, 534
pediatric, in adult rheumatology practices, 1218

Kellgren score, bone mineral density, bone loss, age and, in OA, 81

Keratan sulfate, antibodies to aggrecan in SF and, 1990

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjögren's syndrome, 297

Ki antigen epitope homology, SV40 large T antigen nuclear localization signal and, 855

Kidney

in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245
in renal vascular damage in SSc, 1030
vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Kinase

creatine, in focal myositis and MCTD, 1254
protein, 23, 552
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in human serum and, 252
src-related tyrosine, matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by, 574
synovial endothelial cell adhesion molecules and, 467

Kinesin-like protein

centromere, CENP-E, in SSc, 1355
spindle, HsEg5, in SLE, 1635

Knee

calcific constrictive pericarditis in CREST syndrome and, 347
CT of, in gout, 1406
joint, 216, 820, 1545
Mycobacterium kansasii septic arthritis in, in AIDS, 881
OA, 81, 648, 887, 988
pain, 1, 1244
replacement, 357
Rocky Mountain spotted fever with monarticular arthritis in, 175
L

Labial salivary gland in Sjögren's syndrome, 783, 1376

Laboratory tests, disease flares in SLE and, 370, 2083

lac Z marker gene, direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820

Lacrimal gland, biopsy of, in Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Lactation

colchicine in breast milk in familial Mediterranean fever and, 1213
drug therapy in RA and, 723

Lamina media, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747

Laminin, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Large cell lymphoma in RA

EBV clonality in, 638
MTX and, 325

Large joint arthritis in lowland gorilla, 891

Large vessel thrombosis, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Large vessel vasculitis in IgA multiple myeloma presenting as Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, 698

Laser coagulation in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341

La/SS-B

anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
GSTM1 null alleles in SLE and, 1763
mixed monoclonal cryoglobulinemia in primary Sjögren's syndrome and, 767
in Sjögren's syndrome, 783

Lavage fluid, manoalide in IL-1α-induced arthritis and, 1292

Learning, neuropsychological deficits in SLE without central nervous system disease and, 2035

Lectins

concanavalin A, in silicone immunology, 1615, 1619
T cells, bacterial superantigens and, in RA synoviocytes, 125

Lentiviruses, HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Lesions

antral vascular, in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341
bone, 1327, 1423
cartilage, 1535
coronary artery, L-selectin and, in Kawasaki disease, 534
IL-1 receptor antagonist in experimental OA and, 1535
skin, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
in SLE, 9, 663, 2078

Leucine, ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE and, 1833

Leukemia

HTLV-I, 535, 1410
thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor in Sjögren's syndrome, 773

Leukemia inhibitory factor, TIMP-1, oncostatin M and, in articular cartilage, 560

Leukocytes

anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
mononuclear, T cells in lupus and, 23
MTX and, 1951
in RA, 1082, 1576
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
synovial endothelial cell adhesion molecules and, 467

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis

cold-induced, in monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia, 1066
cutaneous, after MTX and azathioprine in RA, 1016

Leukocytosis after MTX and azathioprine in RA, 1016

Leukointegrins, α_d /CD18, synovial distribution of, 1913

Leukonychia, transverse, 151

Leukopenia, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Leukosequestration, pulmonary, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Leukotriene

B4 , 515, 1951
C4 , in human synovial mast cells, 1222
MTX and, 1951

Lewis rats

antibiotics in reactive arthritis in, 1238
SK&F 106615 in adjuvant arthritis in, 504

LFA-1, adhesion molecules and, in adjuvant arthritis, 810

Libman-Sacks endocarditis, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Ligaments, cruciate, 245, 1327, 1535

Ligands

α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
T cells and, 23, 125, 137

Light-headedness, from MTX, 1951

Limited scleroderma

cardiac involvement in, 1138
cutaneous, 347, 1439
free radical injury in, 1146
nRNP in, 1669

Linear SSc and linear morphea, childhood-onset scleroderma and, 1041

Lip biopsy

in early pathologic analysis in SSc, 1161
human autoantibodies to the mitotic apparatus and, 1643

Lipids

carnitine in muscle in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and, 1869
free radical injury in scleroderma and, 1146
human synovial mast cells and, 1222
MTX and, 1951

Lipopolysaccharides

macrophage depletion in collagen arthritis and, 1545
osteonectin in cartilage and, 539

Liposomes

direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
macrophage depletion in collagen arthritis and, 1545

Livedo reticularis, systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma and, 330

Liver

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in adjuvant arthritis and collagen arthritis, 1677
antibiotics in reactive arthritis and, 1238
drug therapy in RA and, 723
NSAIDs, mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245

Localized scleroderma, childhood-onset, 1041

Loosening, aseptic, revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Low-dose corticosteroids in RA, 1808

Low-dose cyclosporine in early RA, 1006

Low-dose glucocorticoids in RA, 713, 723

Low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in refractory RA, 1027

Low-dose MTX

effect of, on mouse bone cells, 489
in fibroblastic rheumatism, 2070
intravenous, disease remission in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis and, 2052
molecular therapeutics and, 1951
pulse, 171, 272

Lower extremities

distal swelling of, pitting edema and, in polymyalgia rheumatica, 73
in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

L-selectin, in Kawasaki disease with coronary artery lesions, 534

Luciferase reporter gene, matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574

Lumbar spine

bone mass, pamidronate and, in RA, 397
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Lung

antibiotics in reactive arthritis and, 1238
cancer, anti-topo I and, in SSc, 686
fibrosis of, 692, 1074
human synovial mast cells in, 1222
interstitial disease of, 146, 1308, 1711
Mi-2 autoantibodies, HLA-DR and, in DM, 868
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245
scleroderma lung disease, 180
vascular injury in SLE and, 9
Wegener's granulomatosis of, 615

Lupus

See also Systemic lupus erythematosusus
antigen-presenting cell function in, 600
complement split products and disease activity in, 1178
HLA type, anti-U1 RNP and, 939
Ki antigen epitope homology in, 855
monocyte apoptosis in, 1432
nephritogenic autoantibodies in, 894
neuropsychological deficits in, without central nervous system disease, 1035
T cells in, 23

Lupus anticoagulant, immunology of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Lupus nephritis

complement split products, disease activity and, 1178
cyclophosphamide and, 2028
nephritogenic autoantibodies in, 894

Lupus psychosis, anti-P and, 1483

Lupus vasculitis, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Lyme arthritis, Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in synovium and, 736

Lymph nodes

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in adjuvant arthritis, 204, 1677
in collagen arthritis, 1677
hypercalcemia, SLE and, 2066
mesenteric, antibiotics in reactive arthritis and, 1238
in RA, 183, 325

Lymphadenopathy, generalized, hypercalcemia, SLE and, 2066

Lymphocyte antigens, inducible, fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Lymphocytes

adhesion of, synovial fibroblasts and, 226
adhesion molecules in adjuvant arthritis and, 810
α_d /CD18 leukointegrin in, 1913
apoptosis, apoptosis-associated genes and, in Sjögren's syndrome, 1875
B. See B cells
cytokines and, in JRA and juvenile spondylarthropathy, 1703
HTLV-I DNA in PM/DM and, 535
MTX and, 1951
in psoriatic arthritis, 137
in RA, 52, 115, 844, 1082
silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619
in Sjögren's syndrome, 783, 1376
in SLE, 370, 592
T. See T cells

Lymphocytic infiltrates

focal, in Sjögren's syndrome, 195
HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Lymphoid aggregates

CD86, CD28 and, in RA synovium, 110
transcription factor nuclear factor-|gkB and, 583

Lymphoid tissue, hypercalcemia, SLE and, 2066

Lymphoma

HTLV-I in PM/DM, 535
in RA, 325, 638, 723
in Sjögren's syndrome, 297
in SLE, 1050

Lymphoproliferation, T cells in RA and, 904

Lymphoproliferative disorders, MTX-associated lymphoma in RA and, 325

Lysozymes, tear fluid and, in Sjögren's syndrome, 297

Lysyl oxidase, collagen degradation and, 1455

Lysylpyridinoline, collagen degradation and, 1455

Lysyl-transfer RNA, in antisynthetase syndrome, 692

M

Mac-1

adhesion molecules and, in adjuvant arthritis, 810
α_d /CD18 leukointegrin in, 1913

Macaque studies, rheumatic diseases and HTLV-I, 610

Macrophage-like cells, fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Macrophages

adhesion molecules in adjuvant arthritis and, 810
α_d /CD18 leukointegrin in, 1913
CD80/CD86 in chronic arthritis and, 1287
cytokines in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959
hepatocyte growth factor in inflammatory arthritis and, 1566
in RA, 110, 115, 183, 386, 836, 1576, 1693
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis in mice, 1596
T cells in lupus and, 23

Macropinocytosis, self peptides, dendritic cells and, in RA, 183

Magnetic resonance imaging

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in dactylitis in seronegative spondylarthropathy, 1524
in degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig, 1327
in pyomyositis, 1760

Major histocompatibility complex

antifibrillarin in SSc and, 1151
class II, 125, 195, 1507
molecules, self peptides, dendritic cells and, in RA, 183
in Sjögren's syndrome, 195
in SLE, 23, 1833

Malaise

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in Wegener's granulomatosis of the lungs, 615

Malar rash, HLA type, anti-U1 RNP and, 939

Malignancy

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in SLE, 1050, 2066

Malignant B cells, EBV clonality in lymphomas in RA and, 638

Malignant hypertension, acute, in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335

Malignant lymphoma, in Sjögren's syndrome, 297

Mammoplasty, augmentation, 1125, 1615, 1619, 1771, 1765

Mannose-binding protein, in SLE, 706, 2046

Manoalide, in IL-1α-induced arthritis, 1292

Marrow

nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245
suppression, MTX and, 1951

Mast cells

in early pathologic analysis in SSc, 1161
human synovial, 1222

Mastocytoma cells, antigen-presenting cell function in SLE and, 600

Maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191

Matrix

antinuclear antibody, 1300
calcified, effect of MTX on mouse bone cells and, 489
collagen, effect of nitric oxide on chondrocytes and, 1905
extracellular, 1781, 1905
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
intercellular, 1747
metalloproteinase, 560, 884, 923, 1234, 1455, 1576, 1747, 1781

Medical education, rheumatology in, 887, 1218

Mediterranean spotted fever, arthritis and, 2088

Mees' lines, 151

Memory T cells, in RA, 844

Meningococcal sepsis, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Meniscus, nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245

Menstrual history, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Mesenchymal cells, fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Mesenteric circulation, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Mesenteric lymph nodes, antibiotics in reactive arthritis and, 1238

Messenger RNA

in cartilage, 539, 560, 567
CD80/CD86 in chronic arthritis and, 1287
in collagen arthritis, 797, 1545
collagenase, adenosine and, 923
cytokines in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959
HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
manoalide in IL-1α-induced arthritis and, 1292
matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747
nitric oxide and, in adjuvant arthritis and collagen arthritis, 1677
in OA, 968, 1535
in RA, 386, 1021, 1693
in Sjögren's syndrome, 773, 1376, 1875
in SSc fibroblasts, 1338, 1347
synovial endothelial cell adhesion molecules and, 467
transcription factor NF-|gkB, TNF α and, 197
TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552

met gene, hepatocyte growth factor in inflammatory arthritis and, 1566

Meta-analysis of low-dose corticosteroids in RA, 1808

Metabolic bone disease, collagen degradation and, 1455

Metabolism

bone mineral, in JRA, 746
colchicine in breast milk in familial Mediterranean fever and, 1213
polyphosphoinositide, T cells in lupus and, 23
protein, aging and, in RA, 1115

Metacarpophalangeal joints

erosion healing, DMARDs and, in RA, 162
in OA, 308

Metalloproteinase

activation of, chondrocytes, IL-1 and, 709
N-\[4-hydroxyphenyl\] retinamide and, in RA, 1021
IL-1 receptor antagonist in experimental OA and, 1535
matrix, 560, 884, 923, 1234, 1747, 1781
TIMP-1, articular cartilage and, 478, 560

Metatarsophalangeal joints, erosion healing, DMARDs and, in RA, 162

Methionine, MTX and, 1951

Methotrexate (MTX)

disease remission in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis and, 2052
effect of, on mouse bone cells, 489
low-dose, 171, 272, 489, 1951, 2052, 2070
molecular therapeutics and, 1951
pulse, 171, 272
in RA, 272, 325, 616, 713, 723, 1016, 1115, 1435, 1436, 1608

Methylation reaction, MTX and, 1951

Methylprednisolone in RA, 216, 1970

Metronidazole in NSAID enteropathy and chronic anemia in RA, 321

Mi-2 in DM, 868, 1769

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Microchimerism, maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191

Microcrystalline synovial inflammation, granulomatous, in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335

Micronutrients, antioxidant, in knee OA, 648

Microorganisms, molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950

Microsattelite polymorphism, TNF, in RA, 1109

Microscopic polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa and, 1208

Minocycline, HLA-DRB1 genes, disease severity and, in RA, 1802

Minor salivary gland biopsy in Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Mitochondrial function, carnitine in muscle in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and, 1869

Mitogens

hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
matrix metalloprotein 1 collagenase gene, activation of, by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574
T cells and, 23, 125
TGFβ₁ and apoptosis in rheumatoid synovial cells, 1267

Mitotic spindle apparatus

human autoantibodies to, 1643
kinesin-like protein, HsEg5 in SLE and, 1635

Mitral regurgitation in limited SSc, 1138

Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)

focal myositis and, 1254
heterogeneous nuclear RNP in SSc and, 1669
pravastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis in, 1259

Mixed monoclonal cryoglobulinemia in primary Sjögren's syndrome, 767

Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, Spanish-language, 93

Molecular biology, T cells in lupus and, 23

Molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis, 950

Molecular lesions, hereditary C1q deficiency in SLE and, 663

Molecular markers in hemostasis in SLE, 287

Molecular therapeutics, MTX and, 1951

Monarthralgia, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Monarthritis

molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950
in Mycobacterium kansasii septic arthritis in AIDS, 881

Monarticular arthritis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever presenting with, 175

Monoclonal antibodies

α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
anti-CD3, 600, 1773, 1840
anti-CD4, 52
anti-Fc receptor, 600
anti-IL-10, 386
antiphospholipid, germline VH genes and, 537
anti-T cell receptor γ/δ V65 in rat adjuvant arthritis, 204
cytokines and, in JRA and juvenile spondylarthropathy, 1703
in matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis, 1747
osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
in RA, 110, 115, 125, 181, 386, 1077, 1082, 1277, 1371, 1576
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
in Sjögren's syndrome, 767, 783
in SLE, 287, 600, 792, 894, 1613, 1980
in synovial cell adhesion on EDA-containing fibronectin, 1683
transcription factor NF-|gkB and, 583

Monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia, 1066

Monoclonal cryoglobulinemia, mixed, in primary Sjögren's syndrome, 767

Monoclonal gammopathy, cryocrystalglobulinemia and, 335

Monoclonal IgA|gk, in multiple myeloma presenting as Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, 698

Monoclonal protein, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423

Monocytes

anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
cytokines in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959
in RA, 257, 836
in SLE, 23, 379, 1432
TGFβ₁ in MSU crystal-induced inflammation and, 1192

Mononeuritis multiplex, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Mononuclear cells

autoreactivity to heat-shock protein 60, disease remission and, in oligoarticular JRA, 1826
in RA, 110, 386, 829, 1277, 1693, 1961
in SLE, 379, 600, 1840
thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor in Sjögren's syndrome and, 773

Mononuclear leukocytes, T cells in lupus and, 23

Monosodium urate crystals (MSU)

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
TGFβ₁ in inflammation induced by, 1192

Monozygotic twins

CD56 cells in SLE and, 1840
cigarette smoking, risk of RA and, 732

Morbidity

in depression in scleroderma, 1035
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266

Morphogenetic protein-7, bone, on human articular chondrocytes, 1896

Morphology

CD86, CD28 and, in synovium in RA, 110
vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Mortality

in epidemiology of Wegener's granulomatosis, 87
in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis in mice, 1596
in fibromyalgia, 682
long-distance running, musculoskeletal pain, aging and, 64
in RA, 272, 723
in rheumatoid vasculitis, 266
in SSc, 677, 686

Mouse studies

See also AKR/J-lpr/lpr mice, C3H-lpr/lpr mice, DBA/1 mice, MRL-lpr mice, MRL-lpr/lpr mice, Newborn mice, (NZB \x NZW)F1 mice
air pouch model, leukotriene synthesis inhibitors in inflammation and, 515
macrophage depletion in collagen arthritis, 1545
as a model for human Wegener's granulomatosis, 1262
MTX and, 489, 1951
of SLE, 23, 600, 894
Staphylococcus aureus, 959, 1596

MRL-lpr mice, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

MRL-lpr/lpr mice, T cells in lupus and, 23

Mucosal damage, NSAID, mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998

Mucositis, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, steroids, cyclophosphamide and MTX in, 171

Multi-organ dysesthesia, fibromyalgia and, 180

Multiple myeloma, systemic vasculopathy in, 330

Muscarinic type III cholinergic agonists in Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Muscle

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1, 1767
biopsy, in rheumatoid vasculitis, 1937
carnitine in, in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, 1869
fibromyalgia, disability and, 1627
HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410
papillary, in cardiac involvement in limited SSc, 1138
smooth, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747
weakness, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Muscle-cell membrane proteins, autoantibodies and, in myositis, 1860

Musculoskeletal conditions, economic cost and social and psychological impact of, 1931

Musculoskeletal involvement

barrier to return to work due to, 101
disease exacerbations and, in SLE, 370
in early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403
in group A streptococcal infection, 1260
management of RA and, 713
pain, running, age and, 64
in polymyalgia rheumatica, 73, 1199

Musculoskeletal symptoms

acute, guidelines for evaluation of in adults, 1, 1767
in chronic arthropathy after rubella vaccine, 1529

Mutations

codon 54, mannose-binding protein in SLE in Chinese and, 706
T cells in lupus and, 23

Myalgia

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
chronic arthropathy after rubella vaccine and, 1529
psychiatric diagnosis in fibromyalgia and, 2086

Mycobacteria

silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619
in synovial tissue in RA, 2080

Mycobacterium bovis heat-shock protein, nitric oxide and, in adjuvant arthritis and collagen arthritis, 1677

Mycobacterium kansasii septic arthritis in AIDS, 881

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, γ/δ T cells and, in rat adjuvant arthritis, 204

Myeloma, multiple, 330, 698

Myelopathy

acute, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in AS, 2074

Myelosuppression, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Myopathy

autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in, 1860
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
idiopathic inflammatory, carnitine in muscle in, 1869

Myositis

anti-Jo-1 antibodies in, 292
in antisynthetase syndrome, 692
autoantibodies in, 146, 1860
focal, MCTD and, 1254
major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in, 1507
N

Nabumetone, mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998

N-acetyl-L-cysteine, transcription factor NF-|gkB, TNFα and, 197

Nailfold involvement

in early pathologic analysis in SSc, 1161
Mi-2 autoantibodies, HLA-DR and, in DM, 868

Naproxen

enteropathy and chronic anemia in RA induced by, 321
leukotriene synthesis inhibitor in inflammation and, 515
in OA in lowland gorilla, 891

Nasal septum, in neoepitope marker of skeletal maturation and aging, 1234

Nasal spray, salmon calcitonin, in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Nasal ulcers, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, chronic arthropathy, rubella vaccine and, 1529

Native American studies

Amerindian HLA haplotype in SSc, 1362
serology in RA, 283

Native CD45, anti-CD45 autoantibodies in SLE and, 592

Native type II collagen, antibodies to, in early RA, 1720

Natural killer cells

in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
T cells in lupus and, 23

Nausea, oral type II collagen in RA and, 41

Neck, in focal myositis in MCTD, 1254

Necrolysis, toxic epidermal, sulfasalazine in psoriatic arthritis and, 711

Necrosis

papillary, drug therapy in RA and, 723
subcutaneous fat, polyarthritis, pancreatic disease and, 1922

Necrotizing glomerulonephritis, focal segmental, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Necrotizing vasculitis

in RA, 1937
in systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma, 330

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950

Neoepitope marker of skeletal maturation, aging and, 1234

Neonatal fibroblasts, heterogeneity of, in SSc, 1338

Neoplasms, EBV clonality in lymphomas in RA, 638

Neovascularization, synovial, hepatocyte growth factor in inflammatory arthritis and, 1566

Nephritis

interstitial, drug therapy in RA and, 723
lupus, 894, 1178, 2028

Nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus, 894

Nephropathy

effects of cyclosporine in RA and, 1491
in renal vascular damage in SSc, 1030

Nerve biopsy in rheumatoid vasculitis, 1937

Nerve growth factor, fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Nerves, lumbar, in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Neurologic involvement

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in hepatitis C virus infection and sicca syndrome, 1166
vascular injury and, in SLE, 9

Neuropathy

cranial, in hepatitis C virus infection, lung fibrosis and PM, 1074
peripheral, in rheumatoid vasculitis, 1937

Neuropeptides, pain and, in RA and OA, 357

Neuroplasticity, fibromyalgia, disability and, 1627

Neuropsychiatric SLE, anti-P in, 1483, 1833

Neuropsychological deficits in SLE without central nervous system disease, 2035

Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory, in depression in scleroderma, 1035

Neurovascular examination in revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Neutrophils

fibroblast adhesion to articular cartilage and, 1072
in IgA multiple myeloma presenting as Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, 698
procollagenase, doxycycline and, 235
in RA, 216, 1576, 1970
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199

Newborn infants, synovial endothelial adhesion molecules and, 467

Newborn mice, effect of MTX on bone cells in, 489

Niacin, antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648

92-kd type IV collagenase, in giant cell arteritis, 1747

96-kd gelatinase B, in RA, 1576

Nitric oxide

in adjuvant arthritis and collagen arthritis, 1677
effect of, on chondrocytes, 1905
in RA, 643, 1781
vasodilatation, joint swelling and, 1071

Nitrobutyl-flurbiprofen, mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998

Nodules

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
low-dose MTX in fibroblastic rheumatism and, 2070
subcutaneous, in acute rheumatic fever, 2078

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in SLE, 1050

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

in distal extremity swelling with pitting edema in polymyalgia rheumatica, 73
leukotriene synthesis inhibitors in inflammation and, 515
mitochondrial uncoupling and, 1998
in OA, 357
in RA, 321, 357, 616, 713, 723
sulfasalazine and, 2004, 2013, 2021

Nontraditional remedies for pain in RA and OA, 357

NOR 90/hUBF nucleolar transcription factor, in rheumatic diseases, 1313

N-terminal

antibodies to aggrecan in SF and, 1990
major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588

Nuclear antigens

nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894
proliferating cell, in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, 877

Nuclear factor-|gkB, 197, 583, 1410

Nuclear mitotic apparatus

human autoantibodies and, 1643
kinesin-like protein, HsEg5 in SLE and, 1635

Nuclear RNP (nRNP), heterogeneous, in SSc, 1669

Nucleic acid, for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction, 1740

Nucleolar autoantibodies, antifibrillarin in SSc and, 1151

Nucleolar transcription factor NOR 90/hUBF, in rheumatic diseases, 1313

Nucleosomes, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase

in articular cartilage, 245
in human serum, 252

Nucleotides

autoantibodies, tRNA and, 1308
hereditary C1q deficiency in SLE and, 663
matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574
T cells in RA and, 446

Null alleles, glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1, in SLE, 1763

Nursing mothers, colchicine in breast milk in familial Mediterranean fever and, 1213

(NZB \x NZW)F1 mice, T cells in lupus and, 23

O

Occlusive vasculopathy, cryocrystalglobulinemia and, 335

Occupational factors, Amerindian HLA haplotype in SSc and, 1362

Occupational therapists, Spanish-language outcome questionnaire and, 93

Octacalcium phosphate crystals, basic calcium phosphate crystals, inflammation and, 1319

Octapeptides, major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588

OKT3, antigen-presenting cell function in SLE and, 600

Oligoarthralgia, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Oligoarticular JRA

autoreactivity to heat-shock protein 60 and disease remission in, 1826
bone mineral metabolism in, 746

Oligoclonal T cell proliferation, in RA, 904

Oligonucleotides, hereditary C1q deficiency in SLE and, 663

Oligotyping

DNA, 1362, 1507, 1833
HLA-DRB1 genes, disease severity and, in RA, 1802
ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE and, 1833

Oncogenes, fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Oncornaviruses, HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Ophthalmology, Sjögren's syndrome and, 297

Opioid drugs, in RA and OA, 357

Opportunistic infection

after cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids in SLE, 1475
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157

Oral colchicine in breast milk in familial Mediterranean fever, 1213

Oral corticosteroids, bone and, in RA, 277

Oral cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids, infection and, in SLE, 1475

Oral glucocorticoids in RA, 216, 713

Oral gold in RA, 723

Oral MTX, lymphoma from, in RA, 325

Oral pamidronate, bone mass in RA and, 397

Oral prednisolone, pulse methylprednisolone, joint neutrophils and, in RA, 216

Oral type II collagen

in early RA, 41
in JRA, 623

Oral ulcers, HLA type, anti-U1 RNP and, 939

Organ involvement

cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
in fibromyalgia, 180
HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410
human autoantibodies to the mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643
management of RA and, 713
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266
in Sjögren's syndrome, 297
in SLE, 9, 1475
in subglottic stenosis in Wegener's granulomatosis, 1754

Organic brain syndrome, anti-P in neuropsychiatric SLE and, 1483

Organomegaly, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423

Orogenital ulcers, in Behçet-type vasculopathy without Behçet's disease, 1926

Osteoarthritis

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
α_d /CD18 leukointegrin in, 1913
bone mineral density, bone loss and age in, 81
collagen degradation and, 1455
experimental, IL-1 receptor antagonist in, 1535
of the finger joints, 308
in the guinea pig, 1327
of the hip, 2083
hepatocyte growth factor in, 1566
hip, 81, 357, 988, 2083
insulin-like growth factor in, 968, 1556
knee, 81, 648, 887, 988, 2083
osteonectin in cartilage in, 539
osteophytes in, 308, 648, 988, 1535
pain in, 357
progressive, 648
RA and, 110, 162, 629, 1576
Spanish-language outcome questionnaire in, 93
telephone interventions in, 1391
transcription factor NF-|gkB in, 583
weight-bearing sports and, 988

Osteocalcin

bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746
collagen degradation and, 1455
serum, corticosteroids, bone and, in RA, 277

Osteoclasts

collagen degradation and, 1455
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Osteodystrophy, Albright's hereditary, 1921

Osteogenic protein 1, recombinant human, and human articular chondrocytes, 1896

Osteolysis, silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619

Osteonectin, in cartilage, 539

Osteopenia

bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746
in degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig, 1327

Osteophytes

in degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig, 1327
erosion healing, DMARDs and, in RA, 162
in OA, 308, 648, 988, 1535

Osteophytosis, weight-bearing sports, risk of OA and, 988

Osteoporosis

collagen degradation and, 1455
glucocorticoid-induced, 1791
in RA, 397, 723

Osteotomy, pain and, in RA and OA, 357

Outcome measures

fluoxetine, amitriptyline and, in fibromyalgia, 1852
in RA, 1711, 1773, 1808

Outcome questionnaires, Spanish-language, 93

Outcome studies

early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403
OA, 357, 1391
RA, 357, 616, 996, 1391
sulfasalzine in AS, 1400

Outpatient care in RA, 177

Overlap syndromes

IgA multiple myeloma presenting as Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa and, 698
SSc and RA, 152

Oxidation, protein metabolism, aging and, in RA, 1115

Oxidative accumulations, carnitine in muscle in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and, 1869

Oxidative stress, free radical injury in scleroderma and, 1146

Oxygen, reactive, antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648

P

p65, transcription factor NF-|gkB and, 583

p75, TNF receptor, disease activity in JRA and, 883

P815 cells, antigen-presenting cell function in SLE and, 600

Paget's disease, collagen degradation and, 1455

Pain

barriers to return to work due to arthritis and musculoskeletal diseases, 101
brain and, in OA and RA, 357
chronic, 101, 357
in early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403
in fibromyalgia, 682, 1627, 1852, 2086
joint, 711, 713, 1027, 2013, 2021
knee, 648, 1244
musculoskeletal, 1, 64
in OA, 357, 648, 988, 1027
in RA, 216, 357, 415, 427, 713, 1092, 1773
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939
scale, on Spanish-language outcome questionnaire, 93
in secondary erythermalgia, 1761
shoulder, ultrasound of joints and connective tissue in, 1435
spinal, in sulfasalazine in AS, 1400

Pamidronate, bone mass in RA and, 397

Pancreas

carcinoma, autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in myositis and, 1860
disease of, subcutaneous fat necrosis, polyarthritis and, 1922
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245

Pancytopenia, MTX in RA and, 272

Pannocytes, fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Pannus

fibronectin in articular cartilage and, 567
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in RA and, 1576

Pannus-like lesions, HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Papillary muscles, cardiac involvement in limited SSc and, 1138

Papillary necrosis, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Paraffin oil, silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619

Paraprotein in monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia, 1066

Parathyroid hormone, bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746

Parathyroid hormone-related protein, hypercalcemia, SLE and, 2066

Parenteral gold in RA, 723

Parturition, maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191

Parvovirus B19 infection in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 880

Patella, dorsal defect of, knee pain and, 1244

Patellofemoral joints, sports, OA and, 988

Pathogenesis

antiphospholipid antibodies and, 1441, 1444, 1466
autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in myositis and, 1860
collagen degradation and, 1455
of cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
cytokines in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959
free radical injury in scleroderma and, 1146
of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791
heterogeneity in skin fibroblasts in SSc and, 1338
of HLA genes in AS and peripheral reactive arthritis, 943
of HTLV-I, 610, 1410
IL-10 in collagen arthritis and, 495
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747
penicillin in Behçet's disease and, 2062
of RA, 125, 183, 454, 836, 1246, 1773, 1781, 1951, 1961
of Sjögren's syndrome, 195
of SLE, 9, 706, 894, 1441, 1444, 1466, 1980

Pathogenetics

anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410
Vα and Vβ trancss in early RA and, 454

Pathology

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
bone, degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig and, 1327
neoepitope marker of skeletal maturation, aging and, 1234
of OA, 308, 968
in SLE, 9, 2035

Pathophysiology

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
manoalide in IL-1α-induced arthritis and, 1292
nitric oxide and, in adjuvant arthritis and collagen arthritis, 1677
soluble bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 in RA and, 629

Patient assessment

global, 623, 1027, 1852, 2004, 2013, 2021
in RA, 1027, 1092

Patient education about glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Pauciarticular JRA

cytokines in, 1703
prevalence of, 1385

Pediatric rheumatology

in adult rheumatology practices, 1218
antiribosomal P antibodies in SLE and psychosis, 671
bone mineral metabolism in JRA, 746
childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in, 1791
Wegener's granulomatosis of the lungs, 615

Pelvis

hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Penicillamine

MTX and, 1951
in RA, 616, 713, 723

Penicillin in Behçet's disease, 2062

Peptic ulcers, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Peptides

collagen degradation and, 1455
Ki antigen epitope homology and, 855
major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in human serum and, 252
self, 183, 195
in SLE, 1483, 1980
synovial cell adhesion on EDA-containing fibronectin and, 1685
synthetic, autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II and, 1886

Perforin, Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959

Periarticular tissue, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in RA and, 1576

Pericardial involvement

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in limited SSc, 1138

Pericarditis, calcific constrictive, CREST syndrome and, 347

Peripheral arthritis, sulfasalazine in AS and, 2004

Peripheral arthropathy in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335

Peripheral blood

cells, 125, 379, 773, 1277, 1826, 1840, 1875, 1951, 1961
cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
γ/δ T cells in rat adjuvant arthritis and, 204
hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
lymphocytes, HTLV-1 in PM/DM and, 535
MTX and, 1951
in RA, 52, 125, 257, 829, 844, 904, 914, 1499, 1961
in SLE, 23, 379, 600

Peripheral joints, sulfasalzine in AS and, 2004

Peripheral reactive arthritis, HLA genes in, 943

Peripheral T cells

anti-CD45 autoantibodies in SLE and, 592
in RA, 914

Peripheral neuropathy, prognosis in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 1937

Peritendinous soft tissue, in dactylitis in seronegative spondylarthropathy, 1524

Perivascular CD4 cells, in RA, 914

Personality, depression in scleroderma and, 1035

Phagocytic lining cells, inflammation in collagen arthritis and, 1545

Phenotypes

B cell, 325
HLA, 152
human synovial mast cells and, 1222
IL-10:IFNγ-secreting cells in SLE and, 379
in RA, 152, 257, 325, 844, 1693
recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 in human articular chondrocytes and, 1896
TAP alleles, HLA-B27 binding peptides and, 1892

Phlogiston, MTX and, 1951

Phosphatase

alkaline, 489, 746
protein, T cells in lupus and, 23

Phosphate

crystals, basic calcium, inflammation and, 1319
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Phosphatidylinositol, glycosyl, soluble bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 in RA and, 629

Phospholipase A2

manoalide in IL-1α-induced arthritis and, 1292
tenidap in RA and, 1263

Phospholipids

antiphospholipid antibodies and, in SLE, 1441, 1444, 1466

Phosphoric acid, silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619

Phosphorylation, mitochondrial oxidative, uncoupling of, NSAIDs and, 1998

Photochemotherapy, extracorporeal, in psoriatic arthritis, 1519

Photosensitive pruritic rash on face and trunk in amyopathic DM, 1419

Physical activity

antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648
running, musculoskeletal pain, aging and, 64

Physician assessment

depression in scleroderma and, 1035
global, 623, 1027, 1178, 1852, 2004, 2013, 2021
in RA, 713, 1027, 1092
SLICC/ACR damage index and, 363
Spanish-language outcome questionnaire and, 93

Physicians and surgeons

cost of SLE and, 979
rheumatology as a profession, 887

Physiology

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
effect of MTX on mouse bone cells and, 489
neoepitope marker of skeletal maturation, aging and, 1234

Pig studies, nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase, 245, 252

Pilocarpine in Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Pitting edema, polymyalgia rheumatica and, 73, 1931

Placenta, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Plant seed oil-derived unsaturated fatty acid, γ-linolenic acid in RA, 1808

Plasma

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in myositis and, 1860
cells, 783, 1423
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
in monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia, 1066
protein, 1441, 1444, 1466
in RA, 1115, 1576
in SLE, 287, 1178
sulfasalazine in AS and, 1400
synovial cell adhesion on EDA-containing fibronectin and, 1685

Plasmacytoma, silicone breast implants and, 1615, 1619

Plasmapheresis in monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia, 1066

Plasmids

α₁(I) procollagen gene in SSc dermal fibroblasts and, 1347
matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574

Plasmin, TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552

Plasmin-α₂ -plasmin inhibitor complex, disease activity in SLE and, 287

Platelet-derived growth factor AA

apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial cells and, 1267
TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552

Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)

adhesion molecules, pulse methylprednisolone and, in RA, 1970
synovial endothelial cells and, 467

Platelets

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
counts of, 370, 1423

Pleuritis

ENA in SLE and, 1055
HLA type, anti-U1 RNP and, 938

PM-Scl autoantigen, major epitope of, 1588

Pneumonitis, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Point tenderness, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

pol gene, HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Polyamines, MTX and, 1951

Polyangiitis, microscopic, polyarteritis nodosa and, 1208

Polyarteritis nodosa

hand in, 2078
microscopic polyangiitis and, 1208
multiple myeloma and, 330, 698
pediatric, in adult rheumatology practices, 1218

Polyarthritis

autoantibodies directed against tRNA in, 1308
early undifferentiated connective tissue disease and, 403
seropositive, in SSc and RA, 152
subcutaneous fat necrosis, pancreatic disease and, 1922

Polyarticular JRA

bone mineral metabolism in, 746
heat-shock protein 60 and, 1826
prevalence of, 1385

Polyarticular RA, management of, 713

Polycellular dysregulation, self peptides, dendritic cells and, in RA, 183

Polyclonal antibodies

nuclear factor-|gkB and, 583
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245
risk of lymphoma in primary Sjögren's syndrome and, 767
soluble HLA class I antigens in SLE and, 792

Polyclonal human immunoglobulin, endothelial activation in RA and, 1371

Polyclonal T cells

CD56 cells in SLE and, 1840
receptors for, Vα and Vβ trancss in RA and, 454

Polydimethylsiloxane, silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619

Polyethylene, revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Polyglutamates, MTX and, 1951

Polyhistidine, peptides in SLE and, 1654

Polymerase chain reaction, to diagnosis venereal arthritis, 950

Polymer-based saliva substitutes, xerostomia in Sjögren's syndrome and, 57

Polymers, synthetic, silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619

Polymorphisms

in RA, 446, 931, 1109
TAP alleles, HLA-B27 binding peptides and, 1892

Polymyalgia rheumatica

cytokines in, 1264
ESR in, 304
pitting edema in, 73, 1931
shoulder synovitis in, 1199

Polymyositis (PM)

anti-glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase antibodies in, 146
anti-Jo-1 antibodies in, 292
HTLV-1 in, 535, 1410
lung fibrosis, cranial neuropathy and, in hepatitis C virus infection, 1074
myositis and, 1254

Polyneuropathy, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423

Polypeptides

anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313
autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II and, 1886

Polyproline, peptides in SLE and, 1654

Polypyrimidine, antibodies to heterogeneous nRNP in SSc and, 1669

Porphyria cutanea tarda, hepatitis C and, in SLE, 352

Postmenopausal women, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in, 1791

Postpartum mothers, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Postpartum vasculitis, fatal, in SLE, 352

Potassium, protein metabolism, aging and, in RA, 1115

Pravastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis, in MCTD, 1259

Precursor cells, CD56 cells in SLE and, 1840

Prednisolone, oral, pulse methylprednisolone, joint neutrophils and, in RA, 216

Prednisone

disease remission in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis and, 2052
ESR in polymyalgia rheumatica and, 304
neuropsychological deficits in SLE without central nervous system disease and, 2035
osteoporosis induced by, 1791
in RA, 616, 713, 723, 1818

Pregnancy

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
drug therapy in RA and, 723
fatal postpartum vasculitis in SLE and, 352
maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191

Prevalence studies

Amerindian HLA haplotype in SSc, 1362
JRA, 1385
Wegener's granulomatosis, 87

Primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, familial, 705

Primary AS, pyoderma gangrenosum, undifferentiated seronegative spondylarthropathy and, 1062

Primary care physicians, guidelines and, 1, 713

Primary hip arthroplasty, revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Primary psychosis, antiribosomal P antibodies in pediatric SLE and, 671

Primary Raynaud's disease, familial aggregation of, 1189

Primary Raynaud's phenomenon, cardiac involvement in limited SSc and, 1138

Primary Sjögren's syndrome

circulating T cell receptor γ/δ cells in, 1733
long-term followup of, 297
risk of lymphoma in, 767
xerostomia and saliva substitutes in, 57

Primate studies, HTLV-I in the macaque, 610

Procoagulation, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Procollagen

bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746
fibroblasts in SSc and, 1338, 1347

Procollagenase, recombinant human neutrophil, doxycycline and, 235

Progressive OA, antioxidant micronutrients in, 648

Progressive resistance training in RA, 415

Proinflammatory cytokines

all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423
Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), autoantibodies against, in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, 877

Proline, major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588

Propeptides, bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746

Prostaglandin D2 , human synovial mast cells and, 1222

Prostaglandin F2 -like components in free radical injury in scleroderma, 1146

Prostate biopsy in molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis, 950

Protease

neutrophil, fibroblast adhesion to articular cartilage and, 1072
serine, TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552

Protein

antibodies to aggrecan core, in SF, 1990
antibodies to heterogeneous nRNP in SSc and, 1669
antigenic, of the DM-specific Mi-2 autoantigen, 1769
anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313
antinuclear antibodies, anti\Nnuclear matrix antibody and, 1300
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
antiribosomal P, 1483
cartilage and, 478, 539, 560, 567
centromere kinesin-like, CENP-E, 1355
chondrocytes and, 552, 1896, 1905
C-reactive, 629, 1021, 1027
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
heat-shock, 1677, 1826
human autoantibodies to the mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643
insulin-like growth factor and, 968, 1556
macrophage depletion in collagen arthritis and, 1545
major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588
monoclonal, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423
monocyte chemotactic, anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
muscle-cell membrane, autoantibodies against, in myositis, 1860
para-, in monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia, 1066
plasma, 1441, 1444, 1466
procollagenase, doxycycline and, 235
in RA, 629, 1021, 1027, 1092, 1115
recombinant fusion, autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II and, 1886
recombinant human CENP-A, detection of anticentromere antibodies with, 863
recombinant human osteogenic protein 1, 1896
in Sjögren's syndrome, 1427, 1875
in SLE, 9, 23, 671, 706, 1483, 1635, 1980, 2066
tRNA and, 146, 1308
tuberculin purified, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137

Proteinuria, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Proteoglycans

cartilage and, 478, 829, 1896
fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781
manoalide in IL-1α-induced arthritis and, 1292

Proteolysis, insulin-like growth factor in arthritis and, 1556

Prothrombin, antiphospholipid antibodies and, 1441, 1444, 1466

Proto-oncogenes, HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Proximal interphalangeal joints

erosion healing, DMARD and, in RA, 162
in OA, 308

Pruritic rash, photosensitive, on face and trunk in amyopathic DM, 1419

P-selectin

adhesion molecules, pulse methylprednisolone and, in RA, 1970
synovial endothelial cells and, 467

Pseudogout, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Pseudoobstruction, chronic intestinal, anti-PCNA in, 877

Pseudothrombophlebitis, in focal myositis and MCTD, 1254

Pseudovasculitis, systemic, from scurvy in anorexia nervosa, 532

Psoralen-ultraviolet A irradiation, in psoriatic arthritis, 1519

Psoriatic arthritis

photopheresis in, 1519
sulfasalazine in, 711, 2013
T cells in, 137, 904

Psoriatic spondylarthropathy, pyoderma gangrenosum and, 1062

Psychiatric diagnosis, health care-seeking in fibromyalgia and, 436, 2086

Psychiatric pathology in SLE without central nervous system disease, 2035

Psychological factors

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in fibromyalgia, 2086
in musculoskeletal conditions, 1931
pain and, in RA and OA, 357
in SLE without central nervous system disease, 2035

Psychosis in SLE, 671, 1483, 1833

Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, in depression in scleroderma, 1035

Pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Pulmonary fibrosis

autoantibodies directed against tRNA in, 1308
in RA, 152
in SSc, 152, 1362

Pulmonary function test in interstitial lung disease in RA, 1711

Pulmonary hypertension in SSc, 1138, 1146

Pulmonary involvement

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
antithymocyte globulin in SSc and, 1132
Mycobacterium kansasii septic arthritis in AIDS and, 881
in systemic pseudovasculitis from scurvy in anorexia nervosa, 532

Pulmonary leukosequestration, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Pulse methylprednisolone, intravenous, in RA, 216, 1970

Pulse MTX, low-dose, 171, 272

Purine analogs, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Purpura

Henoch-Schönlein, 698, 880, 2078
skin, in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
thrombotic thrombocytopenic, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Pyoderma gangrenosum, spondylarthropathy and, 1062

Pyomyositis, MRI in, 1760

Pyridinium, collagen degradation and, 1455

Pyridinoline

collagen degradation and, 1455
urinary, corticosteroids, bone and, in RA, 277

Pyrimidine, MTX and, 1951

Pyrophosphate analogs in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Pyrophosphohydrolase, nucleotide, 245, 252

Q

Quality of life

pain and, in RA and OA, 357
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Quantitative CT, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Questionnaires

AIMS2, 1391
in augmentation mammoplasty and SSc, 1125
Beck Depression Inventory, 1035, 1852
Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale, 427, 436
Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule, 436
to determine access to rheumatology services, 711
Fibromyalgia Impact, 1852
Food Frequency, 648
Health Assessment, 64, 81, 93, 216, 616, 1035, 1711
Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory, 1035
outcome, Spanish-language, 93
Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, 1035
in reactive arthritis and sexually transmitted diseases, 1172
self-assessment, 93
Trait Anxiety Inventory, 436
R

Rabbit studies

direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574
neoepitope marker of skeletal maturation and aging, 1234
osteonectin in cartilage, 539

Racial factors

in reactive arthritis and sexually transmitted diseases, 1172
in ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE, 1833
SSc and, 1125, 1151

Radial artery puncture, splinter hemorrhage after, 169

Radiography

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
anti-PCNA in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction and, 877
collagen degradation and, 1455
in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
CT of the knee in gout and, 1406
in degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig, 1327
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
influence of ballet season in, 1069
of lowland gorilla, 891
in OA, 81, 308, 648, 988
in RA, 34, 115, 162, 397, 713, 1006, 1246
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939
in tracheostenosis, 1076
Wegener's granulomatosis of the lungs, 615, 2052
Radiologic Vignette
cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in AS, 2074
dorsal defect of the patella and knee pain, 1244

Range of motion

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
pain and, in RA and OA, 357

Rash

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
HLA type, anti-U1 RNP and, 938
Mi-2 antibodies, HLA-DR and, in DM, 868
in RA, 257, 723

Rat studies

See also Dark Agouti rats, Lewis rats
adjuvant arthritis, 204, 504, 810, 1677
collagen degradation, 1455
nitric oxide production during collagen arthritis and, 1677
NSAID and mitochondrial uncoupling, 1998
TGFβ₁ in MSU crystal-induced inflammation, 1192

Raynaud's disease

anti-Jo-1 antibodies in myositis and, 292
familial aggregation of, 1189

Raynaud's phenomenon

autoantibodies directed against tRNA in, 1308
centromere kinesin like protein, CENP-E in, 1355
in SSc, 1138, 1161

Reactive arthritis

antibiotics in, 1238
detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in, 1740
molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950
peripheral, HLA genes in, 943
sexually transmitted diseases and, 1172
sulfasalazine in, 2021

Reactive oxygen, antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648

Reactivity

antibodies to aggrecan in SF and, 1990
antibodies to heterogeneous nRNP in SSc and, 1669
anti-CD45 autoantibodies in SLE and, 592
anticentromere antibodies, recombinant human CENP-A protein and, 863
antiphospholipid antibodies and, 1441, 1444, 1466
anti-Ro and anti-La anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 552
centromere kinesin-like protein, CENP-E and, 1355
to heat-shock protein 60 in oligoarticular JRA, 1826
human autoantibodies to the mitotic spindle apparatus and, 1643
major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588
in SLE, 1635, 1654, 1980

Recall antigens, antigen-presenting cell function in SLE and, 600

Recombinant fusion protein, autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II and, 1886

Recombinant heterogeneous nRNP, antibodies to, in SSc, 1669

Recombinant human C5a, human synovial mast cells and, 1222

Recombinant human neutrophil procollagenase, doxycycline and, 235

Recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 in human articular chondrocytes, 1896

Recombinant human stem cell factor, human synovial mast cells and, 1222

Recombinant human TGFβ₁ in MSU crystal-induced inflammation, 1192

Recombinant Ki antigen epitope homology with SV40 large T antigen nuclear localization signal in lupus, 855

Recombinant IL-1

human, receptor I, in RA, 257, 1092
receptor antagonist, in experimental OA, 1535

Recombinant IL-1α, manoalide in arthritis induced by, 1292

Recombinant IL-2, CD69 in RA and, 1277

Recombinant IL-10

human, in RA, 386
murine, in collagen arthritis, 495

Recombinant IL-13 in RA, 1693

Recombinant ribosomal P protein in pediatric SLE, 671

Recombinant spindle kinesin-like protein, HsEg5, in SLE, 1635

Recurrent miscarriages, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Refractory RA

acute toxicity after azathioprine and MTX in, 1016
low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in, 1027
management of, 713
NSAID-induced enteropathy and chronic anemia in, 321

Reiter's syndrome

detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in, 1740
molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950
sulfasalazine in, 2021
TAP alleles and HLA-B27 binding peptides in, 1892

Rel-A, transcription factor NF-|gkB and, 583

Relapsing Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, IgA multiple myeloma presenting as, 698

Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema, polymyalgia rheumatica and, 1931

Renal biopsy

after cyclosporine in RA, 1491
disease flares of lupus nephritis after cyclophosphamide and, 2028

Renal disease in SLE, 9, 671, 894, 1178

Renal failure

drug therapy in RA and, 723
systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma and, 330

Renal function

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in RA, 272, 1491

Renal involvement

drug therapy in RA and, 723
in SLE, 9, 370, 671
in SSc, 1030, 1151
in systemic pseudovasculitis from scurvy in anorexia nervosa, 532

Renovascular hypertension, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Resistance training in RA, 415

Respiration, mitochondrial uncoupling, NSAID and, 1990

Respiratory chain enzyme complexes, carnitine in muscle in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and, 1869

Reticulohistiocytosis, multicentric, steroids, cyclophosphamide and MTX in, 171

Retinal toxicity, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Retinoic acid, all-trans, in POEMS syndrome, 1423

Retinoids, N-\[4-hydroxyphenyl\] retinamide in RA, 1021

Retroviral gp70/anti-gp70 complexes, nephritogenic autoantibodies in lupus and, 894

Retroviruses

direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
in HTLV-I and autoimmune disorders, 1410
infection from, HTLV-I in the macaque, 610
peptides in SLE and, 1654

Revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Rhabdomyolysis, pravastatin-induced, in MCTD, 1259

Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane, proteins in myositis and, 1860

Rheumatic diseases

ACR Slide Collection on the, 2078
acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
anti-glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase antibodies in myositis and, 146
anti-NOR 90 in, 1313
antiphospholipid antibodies and, 1441, 1444, 1466
autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in myositis and, 1860
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191
MTX and, 1951
pain in, 357
rheumatology as a profession and, 887

Rheumatic fever, acute, wrist and subcutaneous nodules in, 2078

Rheumatism, fibroblastic, low-dose MTX and, 2070

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

ACR preliminary definition of improvement in, 535
active, recombinant human IL-1 receptor I in, 257
acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
adhesion molecules and, 810, 1970
AIDS and, 1437
α_d /CD18 leukointegrin in, 1913
amyloidosis in, 1728
antibodies to heterogeneous nRNP in SSc and, 1669
anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody-coated lymphocytes (cM-T412) in, 52
anti-CD5 immunoconjugate in, 1102
anti-HTLV-1 antibody in, 463
anti-IL-10 in, 386
anti-NOR 90 in, 1313
anti-TNFα in, 1077, 1082
articular damage and synovial tissue macrophages in, 115
azathioprine toxicity in, 1016, 1435, 1436
bacterial superantigens in, 125
bone marrow and, 629, 836
CAMPATH-1H and synovial tissue in, 181
cartilage in, 539, 829
CD28 in, 110
CD69 in, 1277
CD86 in, 110
cigarette smoking and, 732
collagen in, 1455, 1720
collagenase, adenosine and, 923
corticosteroids in, 277, 1818
cyclosporine in, 1006, 1491
cytomegalovirus and, 1608
dendritic cells and self peptides in, 183
DMARD in, 162, 616
early, 41, 454, 996, 1006, 1720
early undifferentiated connective tissue disease and, 403
EBV clonality in lymphomas in, 638
emotional distress in, 427
endothelial activation in, 1371
erosions and DMARD in, 162
erosive, 1720
expectation bias in, 1773
fibromyalgia, disability and, 1627
γ-linolenic acid in, 1808
gender in, 427
guidelines for management of, 713
guidelines for monitoring drug therapy in, 723
healing phenomena in, 1934
hepatocyte growth factor in, 1566
HLA-DRB1 genes and disease severity in, 1802
IL-4 in, 829
IL-10 in, 386, 495, 829
IL-13 in, 1693
insulin-like growth factor in, 1556
interstitial lung disease in, 1711
leukotriene synthesis inhibitors in, 515
low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in, 1021
maternal-fetal immunology and, 191
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in, 1576
methylprednisolone in, 216, 1970
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266
MTX in, 272, 325, 1016, 1435, 1436, 1608, 1951
myositis and, 292, 1860
N-\[4-hydroxyphenyl\] retinamide in, 1021
nitric oxide in, 643
NSAID-induced enteropathy and chronic anemia in, 321
outpatient care costs in, 177
pain in, 357
pamidronate and bone mass in, 397
pancytopenia in, 272
progression of, 1246
progressive resistance training in, 415
protein metabolism and aging in, 1115
in a public health hospital, 283
recombinant human IL-1 receptor I in, 257, 1092
refractory, 321, 713, 1016, 1027
response criteria for, 34
RF-producing B cells in, 1499
\`\`sawtooth'' strategy in, 996
self peptides and dendritic cells in, 183
seronegative, 1499
seropositive, 325, 1499
serum apolipoprotein E4 isoprotein in, 1728
SLE and, 1050, 2035
Spanish-language outcome questionnaire in, 93
synovial endothelial cell adhesion molecules in, 467
synovial tissue in, 115, 2080
synoviocytes in, 125, 1781
synovium in, 110
systemic sclerosis and, 152
T cells in, 125, 446, 844, 904, 914, 931
telephone interventions in, 1391
tenidap in, 1263
Th1 in, 1961
TNF microsatellite polymorphisms in, 1109
TNFα in, 197
transcription factor NF-|gkB in, 197, 583
work status in, 101, 427

Rheumatoid cartilage surface, synovial cell adhesion on EDA-containing fibronectin and, 1685

Rheumatoid factor (RF)

MTX and, 1951
in primary Sjögren's syndrome, 767
in RA, 283, 616, 629, 713, 1027, 1499, 1802
serum, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Rheumatoid SF, hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566

Rheumatoid synovial cells, apoptosis of, 1267

Rheumatoid synoviocytes, HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Rheumatoid synovium

fibroblast-like synoviocytes in, 1781
IL-10 and, 386
IL-13 and, 1693
T cells in, 844, 914

Rheumatoid synovitis

α_d /CD18 leukointegrin in, 1913
fibroblast-like synoviocytes in, 1781

Rheumatoid vasculitis

mortality in, 266
prognosis in, 1937

Rheumatology and rheumatologists

access to, 711
fibromyalgia, disability and, 1627
guidelines for management of RA and, 713
pediatric rheumatology in adult rheumatology practices, 1218
professionalism of, 887
recertification of, 2082
SLICC/ACR damage index and, 363

Rhesus monkey studies, HTLV-I, 610

Ribosomal mycobacterial DNA, synovial tissue in RA and, 2080

Ribosomal P

autoantibodies in SLE, 1833
peptides in neuropsychiatric SLE, 1483
protein, cognitive and psychologic deficits in SLE without central nervous system disease and, 2035

Ribosomal RNA

autoantibodies directed against tRNA and, 1308
detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction and, 1740

Ricin, anti-CD5 immunoconjugate in RA and, 1102

RNA

anti-Ro and anti-La anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
in antisynthetase syndrome, 692
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
messenger, 197, 226, 386, 467, 539, 552, 560, 567, 574, 773, 797, 923, 959, 968, 1021, 1287, 1292, 1338, 1347, 1410, 1535, 1677, 1693, 1747, 1875
polymerase II, autoimmunity to, 1886
sicca syndrome, hepatitis C virus and, 1166
synthetase, anti-Jo-1 antibodies in myositis and, 292
transfer, 146, 292

RNP

anti-U1, HLA type and, 938
heterogeneous nuclear, antibodies to, in SSc, 1669
Ro, anti-Ro autoantibody in SLE and, 1654

Ro

proteins in complete heart block in Sjögren's syndrome, 1427
RNP, anti-Ro autoantibody in SLE and, 1654

Rocky mountain spotted fever presenting with acute monarticular arthritis, 175, 2088

Ro/La autoantibodies, glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 null alleles in SLE and, 1763

Ro/SS-A

anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
risk of lymphoma in primary Sjögren's syndrome and, 767

Rubella vaccine, chronic arthropathy and musculoskeletal symptoms after, 1529

Running

musculoskeletal pain, age and, 64
OA and, 988

Rupture, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

S

^{35 S-methionine, fibronectin and, in articular cartilage, 567}

^{35 S-sulfate, recombinant human osteogenic protein 1 in human articular chondrocytes and, 1896}

S1 fragment, major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588

S107 protein, antiidiotypic antibodies in SLE and, 1980

Saliva

sicca syndrome, hepatitis C virus and, 1166
substitutes, xerostomia in Sjögren's syndrome and, 57

Salivary gland

biopsy in Sjögren's syndrome, 1609
in early pathologic analysis of SSc, 1161
HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410
labial, 783, 1376
minor, 195
sublabial, 297

Salmon calcitonin nasal spray in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Salsalate, after NSAID enteropathy and chronic anemia in RA, 321

\`\`Sausage-like'' fingers in dactylitis in seronegative spondylarthropathy, 1524

\`\`Sawtooth'' strategy in early RA, 996

Scatter factor, hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566

Sclerodactyly

centromere kinesin-like protein, CENP-E in, 1355
low-dose MTX in fibroblastic rheumatism and, 2070

Scleroderma

See also Systemic sclerosis (SSc)
Amerindian HLA haplotype in, 1362
antifibrillarin in, 1151
anti-PCNA in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction and, 877
augmentation mammoplasty and, 1125
autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II in, 1886
free radical injury in, 1146
limited cutaneous, calcific constrictive pericarditis in, 347
lung disease in, 180
Mi-2 antibodies, HLA-DR and, in DM, 868

Scleroderma-RA overlap syndrome, 152

Sclerosis

skin, in SSc and RA, 152
subchondral, 308, 1327

Scurvy, systemic vasculitis from, in anorexia nervosa, 532

Secondary erythermalgia, painful, swollen, and erythematous hands and feet in, 1761

Secondary Sjögren's syndrome

long-term followup of, 297
xerostomia and saliva substitutes in, 57

Second-line drugs in RA, 1773, 1818

Segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis, focal, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Self-assessment

depression in scleroderma and, 1035
progressive resistance training and, in RA, 415
questionnaires, Spanish-language, 93

Self-esteem, fibromyalgia, disability and, 1627

Self peptides

dendritic cells and, in RA, 183
endogenous, 183
in Sjögren's syndrome, 195

Sepsis, meningococcal, vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Septic arthritis

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
corticosteroids and antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis, 1596
Mycobacterium kansasii, in AIDS, 881

Serine protease, TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552

Seroimmunology, disease remission in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis and, 2052

Serology

disease exacerbation and, in SLE, 370
in HTLV-I in the macaque, 610
in RA, 283, 454
in SSc, 1151, 1355, 1362

Seronegative arthritis, photopheresis in, 1519

Seronegative RA, RF-producing B cells in, 1499

Seronegative spondylarthropathy

dactylitis in, 1524
undifferentiated, pyoderma gangrenosum and, 1062

Seronegative SS-A/SS-B antibodies, sicca syndrome, hepatitis C virus and, 1166

Seropositive polyarthritis in SSc and RA, 152

Seropositive RA

collagen degradation in, 1455
MTX-associated lymphoma in, 325
RF-producing B cells in, 1499
T cells in, 904

Serum

all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423
antibodies to aggrecan in SF and, 1990
anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
anti-Ro and anti-La anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
in antisynthetase syndrome, 692
apolipoprotein E4 isoprotein, 1728
autoantibodies and, 1308, 1643, 1860
autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II and, 1886
bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746
colchicine in breast milk in familial Mediterranean fever and, 1213
collagen degradation and, 1455
complete heart block in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1427
corticosteroids and antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 1596
creatinine, 723
cytokines, in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1264
in early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403
HLA type, anti-U1 RNP and, 938
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
IgG|gk cryoglobulinemia, in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
IL-6, SK&F 106615 and, in rat adjuvant arthritis, 504
major epitope of PM-Scl autoantigen and, 1588
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747
in monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia, 1066
in myositis, 146, 292, 1254
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in, 252
in RA, 277, 463, 629, 643, 723, 884, 1082, 1720, 1728, 1951
RF, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
sicca syndrome, hepatitis C virus and, 1166
silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619
in SLE, 9, 671, 792, 1055, 1178, 1483, 1635, 1654, 1980, 2035, 2046
in SSc, 686, 1132, 1355, 1669
sulfasalazine in AS and, 1391

7-hydroxyl-MTX, 1951

Sex hormones

autoimmune disease and, 191, 1766
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Sexually transmitted diseases, reactive arthritis and, 1172

Shoulder

pain, ultrasound of joints and connective tissue in, 1435
synovitis, in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199

Shunts, silastic ventriculoperitoneal, silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619

Sialadenitis, Sjögren's syndrome and, 195

Sicca symptoms in Sjögren's syndrome, 297

Sicca syndrome, hepatitis C virus and, 1166

Silicone breast implants

ACR statement on, 1765
controversy about, 1615, 1619, 1771
rheumatology profession and, 887
and SSc, 1125

Sinus tracts, revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Sjögren's syndrome

anti-NOR 90 in, 1313
autoantibodies in, 1308, 1643
circulating T cell receptor γ/δ cells in, 1733
complete heart block in, 1427
cytokine mRNA in, 1376
HTLV-1 in, 1410, 1609
International Symposium on (V), 195
long-term followup of, 297
lymphocyte apoptosis in, 1875
primary, 297, 767
prognostic factors in, 1765
risk of lymphoma in, 767
secondary, 57, 297
sicca syndrome, hepatitis C virus and, 1166
soluble bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 in RA and, 629
spindle kinesin-like protein, HsEg5 in SLE and, 1635
SS-B/La antigen in labial salivary glands in, 783
xerostomia and saliva substitutes in, 57

SK&F 106615 in rat adjuvant arthritis, 504

Skeletal maturation, aging and, neoepitope marker of, 1234

Skin

anti-PCNA in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction and, 877
in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
human synovial mast cells and, 1222
in IgA multiple myeloma presenting as Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, 698
nodules, low-dose MTX in fibroblastic rheumatism and, 2070
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245
in RA, 152
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939
in SLE, 9, 370, 704
in SSc, 152, 1132, 1161, 1338
T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
vasculitis of, in monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia, 1066

Sleep

in fibromyalgia, 682, 1852, 2086
in RA, 713

Slow-acting antirheumatic drugs (SAARD) in early RA, 996

Small arteries in systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma, 330

Small intestine, perforation of, in systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma, 330

Small joints in early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403

Small nuclear RNP, anti-Ro and anti-La anti-DNA antiidiotypes and, 522 \

Small vessels

in multiple myeloma, 330, 698
thrombosis of, vascular injury in SLE and, 9
vasculitis in, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis and, 1208

Smoking

glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
interstitial lung disease in RA and, 1711
running, musculoskeletal pain, age and, 64
twins, risk of RA, 732

Smooth muscle cells, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747

S-nitrosoglutathione, effect of nitric oxide on chondrocytes and, 1905

Social factors

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
depression in scleroderma and, 1035
in musculoskeletal conditions, 1931
in OA, 357
in RA, 357, 427

Sodium fluoride in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Soft tissue

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
collagen degradation and, 1455
in dactylitis in seronegative spondylarthropathy, 1524
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Soluble bone marrow stromal cell antigen I in RA, 629

Soluble Fas, in SLE, 1611, 1612

Soluble HLA class I antigens in SLE, 792

Soluble human IL-1 receptor I, recombinant, in active RA, 257

Soluble IL-2 receptors in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041

Spanish outcome questionnaire, 93

Spindle apparatus, mitotic, human autoantibodies to, 1543

Spindle kinesin-like protein, HsEg5, in SLE, 1635

Spine

glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791
lumbar, 397, 1791, 1939
pain in, sulfasalazine in AS and, 1400

Spleen

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
antibiotics in reactive arthritis and, 1238
cytokines in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959
nitric oxide and, in adjuvant arthritis and collagen arthritis, 1677
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245
T cells in lupus and, 23

Splinter hemorrhages after arterial puncture, 169

Spondylarthropathy

juvenile, cytokines in, 1703
seronegative, 1062, 1524

Sports, weight-bearing, risk of OA and, 988

src-related tyrosine kinases, matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by, 574

SS-A/Ro

anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
risk of lymphoma in primary Sjögren's syndrome and, 767

SS-A/SS-B antibodies, seronegative, sicca syndrome, hepatitis C virus and, 1166

SS-B/La

anti-dsDNA antiidiotypes and, 522
glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 null alleles in SLE and, 1763
mixed monoclonal cryoglobulinemia in primary Sjögren's syndrome and, 767
in Sjögren's syndrome, 753

Staphylococcal enterotoxin, in RA, 125, 1499

Staphylococcus aureus arthritis

corticosteroids and antibiotics in, 1596
cytokines in, 959

Stem cell factor, recombinant human, human synovial mast cells and, 1222

Stenosis, subglottic, in Wegener's granulomatosis, 1754

Steroid drugs

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
cyclophosphamide and, 171, 1475
in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791
in HTLV-I, 610
in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199, 1264

Stiffness

in fibromyalgia, 682
joint neutrophils, methylprednisolone and, in RA, 216

Stifle joint

degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig and, 1327
neoepitope marker of skeletal maturation, aging and, 1234

Stomach, watermelon, in SSc, 341, 1439

Stomatitis, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Strength, progressive resistance training in RA and, 415

Streptococcal antigens, penicillin in Behçet's disease and, 2062

Streptococcal infection, group A, musculoskeletal manifestations of, 1260

Streptolysin, TAP alleles, HLA-B27 binding peptides and, 1892

Stress, revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Stromal cells, bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 in RA, 629

Stromelysin

collagenase, adenosine and, 923
IL-1 and, 478, 1292
IL-1 receptor antagonist in experimental OA and, 1535
N-\[4-hydroxyphenyl\] retinamide in RA and, 1021

Subchondral sclerosis, degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig and, 1327

Subcutaneous air pouch model, in TGFβ₁ in MSU crystal-induced inflammation, 1192

Subcutaneous calcinosis in SSc, 796

Subcutaneous fat necrosis, polyarthritis, pancreatic disease and, 1922

Subcutaneous recombinant human IL-1 receptor I in RA, 257, 1092

Subglottic stenosis in Wegener's granulomatosis, 1754

Sublabial salivary gland biopsy in Sjögren's syndrome, 297

Subsarcolemmal oxidative accumulations, carnitine in muscle in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and, 1869

Substance P, human synovial mast cells and, 1222

Sulfamethoxazole, in disease remission in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis, 2052

Sulfapyridine, sulfasalazine in AS and, 1400

Sulfasalazine

in AS, 1400, 2004
in psoriatic arthritis, 711, 2013
in reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome), 2021
in RA, 34, 616, 723

Sulfate, ketatan, antibodies to aggrecan in SF and, 1990

Sunflower seed oil, γ-linolenic acid in RA and, 1808

Superantigens \

bacterial, in RA, 125, 1499
cytokines in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959

Supernatants

bone marrow-derived CD14 cells in RA and, 836
effect of MTX on mouse bone cells and, 489

Surface membranes

autoantibodies against muscle-cell membrane proteins in myositis and, 1860
in SLE, 592, 600

Surface protein, T cells in lupus and, 23

Surgery

in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341
in OA, 357, 1535
pain and, 357
in RA, 357, 713
revision total hip arthroplasty, 1939

Survival

cyclosporine in early RA and, 1006
mortality in rheumatoid vasculitis and, 266

SV40 large T antigen nuclear localization signal, Ki antigen epitope homology in lupus and, 855

Swelling

collagen and, 495, 623
digital extremity, pitting edema and, in polymyalgia rheumatica, 73
in focal myositis and MCTD, 1254
hand, HLA type, anti-U1 RNP and, 938
joint, 1071, 2013, 2021
in RA, 257, 415, 713, 1027, 1092, 1818
in secondary erythermalgia, 1761

Swimming, protein metabolism, aging and, in RA 1115

Synergy, T cell receptor β gene, HLA-DR4 and, in RA, 931

Synovial biopsy

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in RA, 181, 1021, 1077

Synovial cavity, antibodies to aggrecan in SF and, 1990

Synovial cells

adhesion of, on EDA-containing fibronectin, 1685
dendritic, CD80/CD86 in chronic arthritis and, 1287
endothelial, human, adhesion molecules and, 467
mast, 1222
osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
in RA, 115, 183, 629, 1267, 1277
transcription factor NF-|gkB, TNFα and, 197, 583
stromal, HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Synovial collagenase genes, adenosine receptor and, 923

Synovial cytokine mRNA in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis, 959

Synovial effusions, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in RA and, 1576

Synovial endothelium

α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
vascular, adhesion molecules, pulse methylprednisolone and, in RA 1970

Synovial fibroblasts

adhesion of, lymphocytes and, 226
direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
matrix metalloproteinase 1 activation by src-related tyrosine kinases and, 574
matrix metalloproteinase 9 in RA and, 1576
MTX and, 1951

Synovial fluid (SF)

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
antibodies to aggrecan in, 1990
autoreactivity to heat-shock protein 60 in oligoarticular JRA and, 1826
Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in synovium and, 736
CD80/CD86 in chronic arthritis and, 1287
in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
CT of the knee in gout and, 1406
cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in, 1740
hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
in HTLV-I in the macaque, 610
inflammatory, human chondrocyte integrins and, 1430
insulin-like growth factor in arthritis and, 1556
manoalide in IL-1α-induced arthritis and, 1292
in molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis, 950
osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
in RA, 52, 110, 183, 216, 386, 454, 829, 844, 904, 1277, 1576, 1693, 1781, 1961

Synovial hyperplasia

apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial cells and, 1267
fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Synovial inflammation

granulomatous microcrystalline, in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335
in RA, 183, 1781

Synovial joints, anti-TNFα antibody in RA and, 1082

Synovial lining

adhesion molecules and, 810, 1970
α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410
in RA, 115, 1781, 1970
transcription factor NF-|gkB and, 583

Synovial macrophages, α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913

Synovial membrane

cutaneous lymphocyte antigen and T cells in, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
IL-1 receptor antagonist in experimental OA and, 1535
in RA, 115, 904, 1781, 1970

Synovial microvasculature, anti-TNFα antibody in RA and, 1082

Synovial neovascularization, hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566

Synovial sheath, in dactylitis in spondylarthropathy, 1524

Synovial thickening, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Synovial tissue

α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in synovium and, 736
cytokines and, in JRA and juvenile spondylarthropathy, 1703
detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in, 1740
hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410
human inflamed, transcription factor NF-|gkB in, 583
human synovial mast cells and, 1222
MTX and, 1951
in RA, 110, 115, 125, 181, 183, 325, 446, 844, 914, 1077, 1576, 1781, 2080
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959

Synoviocytes

direct gene delivery to synovium and, 820
fibroblast-like, in RA, 1781
HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410

Synovitis

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
in polymyalgia rheumatica, 73, 1199
in RA, 713, 1246, 1781
silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619

Synovium

α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
collagen and, 797, 1455
corticosteroids and antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 1596
CT of the knee in gout and, 1406
cytokines and, in JRA and juvenile spondylarthropathy, 1703
direct gene delivery to, 820
human mast cells in, 1222
IL-1 receptor antagonist in experimental OA and, 1535
MTX and, 1951, 2070
osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
in RA, 110, 446, 454, 1371, 1781
shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica and, 1199
T cells in, in psoriatic arthritis, 137

Synthetic peptides, autoimmunity to RNA polymerase II and, 1886

Synthetic polymers, silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619

Systemic autoimmune diseases, human autoantibodies to the spindle mitotic apparatus and, 1643

Systemic cytokine mRNA in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis, 959

Systemic glucocorticoids, low-dose, in RA, 723

Systemic inflammation, serum pro-matrix metalloproteinase 3 in RA and, 884

Systemic JRA

heat-shock protein 60 and, 1826
prevalence of, 1385

Systemic immunosuppressive drugs in subglottic stenosis in Wegener's granulomatosis, 1754

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

See also Lupus
Activity Measure, 1178
acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
anti-β₂ -glycoprotein I in, 1441, 1444, 1466
antibodies to heterogeneous nuclear RNP in SSc and, 1669
anti-CD45 autoantibodies in, 592
antigen-presenting cell function in, 600
antiidiotypic antibodies in, 1980
anti-La in anti-dsDNA idiotypes in, 522
anti-P in, 1483
anti-PCNA in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction and, 877
antiphospholipid antibodies and, 1441, 1444, 1466
anti-Ro in, 522, 1654
CD56 cells in, 1840
cognitive and psychological deficits without central nervous system disease in, 20335
corticosteroids in, 2028
cost of, 979
cyclophosphamide in, 1475, 2028
disease activity and molecular markers of hemostasis in, 287
Disease Activity Index, 287, 370, 792, 1178
disease severity and IL-10:IFN-γ-secreting cells in, 379
ear and discoid lesions in, 2078
early undifferentiated connective tissue disease and, 403
ENA in, 1055
fatal postpartum vasculitis in, 352
geographic clusters of, 1935
hair dye use and, 657
hepatitis C and porphyria cutanea tarda in, 352
hereditary C1q deficiency in, 663
hypercalcemia and, 2066
intravenous immunoglobulins in, 704
laboratory tests and disease exacerbation in, 370, 2083
lupus nephritis in, 2028
malignancy in, 1050
mannose-binding protein polymorphisms in black patients with, 2046
myositis and, 292, 1860
nephritogenic autoantibodies in, 894
pediatric, antiribosomal P antibodies and psychosis in, 671
peptides in, 1654
RA and, 629, 792, 931
ribosomal P autoantibodies in, 1833
SLICC/ACR damage index in, 363
soluble Fas in, 1611, 1612
soluble HLA class I antigens in, 792
Spanish-language outcome questionnaire in, 93
T cells in, 23
vascular injury in, 9

Systemic pseudovasculitis, from scurvy in anorexia nervosa, 532

Systemic rheumatic diseases, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Systemic sclerosis (SSc)

See also Scleroderma
Amerindian HLA haplotype in, 1362
antibodies to heterogeneous nuclear RNP in, 1669
antifibrillarin in, 1151
anti-NOR 90 in, 1313
anti-PCNA in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction and, 877
antithymocyte globulin in, 1132
anti-topoisemerase I autoantibody and lung cancer in, 686
augmentation mammoplasty and, 1125
cardiac involvement in, 1138
centromere kinesin-like protein, CENP-E, autoantibodies in, 1355
cutaneous, 1041, 1439
early pathologic analysis of, 1161
gastric antral vascular ectasia in, 341, 1439
heterogeneity in skin fibroblasts in, 1338
limited, 1138, 1439
myositis and, 292, 1860
RA and, 152
renal vascular damage in, 1030
subcutaneous calcinosis in, 792
thallium perfusion defects and cardiac dysfunction in, 677
topical tretinoin in, 1070 \
watermelon stomach in, 341, 1439

Systemic vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis and, 1208

Systemic vasculopathy

cryocrystalglobulinemia as cause of, 335
in multiple myeloma, 330

Systolic pulmonary arterial hypertension, in cardiac involvement in limited

T

T cells

autoreactive, 183, 1826
CD80/CD86 in chronic arthritis and, 1287
in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041
γ/δ, in rat adjuvant arthritis, 204
HTLV-1 in PM/DM, 535
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and inflammatory arthritis, 157
MTX and, 1951
in psoriatic arthritis, 137
in RA, 110, 125, 183, 446, 844, 904, 914, 931, 1077, 1102, 1277, 1499, 1693, 1961
receptors for, 23, 195, 446, 454, 904
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199
in Sjögren's syndrome, 773
in SLE, 23, 379, 592, 1840
in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis, 959, 1596

T14+ anti-DNA antibodies, antiidiotypic antibodies in SLE and, 1980

TAP alleles, HLA-B27 binding peptides and, 1892

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746

Tear fluid lysozymes in Sjögren's syndrome, 297

Telangiectasia, cutaneous, in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341

Telephone interviews

in fibromyalgia, 682
in OA, 1391
in RA, 427, 1391

Temporal arteritis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Temporal artery biopsy, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747

Tender points, fluoxetine, amitriptyline and, in fibromyalgia, 1852

Tenderness

in early undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 403
joint, 216, 623, 1027, 1818, 2013, 2021
point, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Tendons

Achilles, nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245
rupture of, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Tenidap in RA, 1263

Tenosynovitis

dactylitis in seronegative spondylarthropathy and, 1524
distal extremity swelling with pitting edema in polymyalgia rheumatica and, 73

Teratogenicity, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Tetanus toxoid, antigen-presenting cell function in SLE and, 600

Tetranor-dicarboxylic acid, in free radical injury in scleroderma, 1146

Th1 cytokines

mRNA in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1376
in RA, 1961

Th2 cytokines

mRNA in Sjögren's syndrome and, 1376
in RA, 1961
Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959

Th3 cytokines, Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959

Thiazide diuretics in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, 1791

Thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor, in Sjögren's syndrome, 773

Thrombin-antithrombin III complex, disease activity in SLE and, 287

Thrombocytopenia

antiphospholipid antibodies and, 1441, 1444, 1466
drug therapy in RA and, 723

Thrombocytosis, all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423

Thrombosis

antiphospholipid antibodies and, 1441, 1444, 1466
in SLE, 9, 1441, 1444, 1466
venous, antithymocyte globulin in SSc and, 1132

Tibial plateau, IL-1 receptor antagonist in experimental OA and, 1535

Tibiofemoral joints, sports, OA and, 988

Tissue

collagen degradation and, 1455
connective, 1435, 1455, 1576
homing, T cells and, in psoriatic arthritis, 137
nitric oxide and, in adjuvant arthritis and collagen arthritis, 1677
nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245
in OA, 308, 357, 648
peripheral, colchicine in breast milk in familial Mediterranean fever and, 1213
prostate biopsy, in molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis, 950
in RA, 357, 844, 914, 1077, 1781, 1808, 2080
salivary gland, in Sjögren's syndrome, 773, 783
silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619
soft, 1, 1455, 1524, 1939
in SSc, 341, 1146
vascular, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1)

articular cartilage and, 478, 560
collagenase, adenosine and, 923
in RA, 1576, 1781

Tophi, intraarticular, in CT of the knee in gout, 1406

Topoisomerase I (topo I), in SSc, 686, 1362

Total hip replacement

revision, 1939
total knee replacement, pain and, in RA and OA, 357

Toxicity

azathioprine, 1016, 1435
MTX, 272, 1016, 1435, 1951
in RA, 257, 272, 713, 723, 1016, 1021, 1435
sulfasalazine in psoriatic arthritis and, 711

Trabecular bone

degenerative joint disease in the guinea pig and, 1327
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Tracheostenosis, radiography and, 1076

Tracheostomy, in subglottic stenosis in Wegener's granulomatosis, 1754

Trait Anxiety Inventory, psychiatric diagnosis, health care-seeking and, in fibromyalgia, 436

Transaminase, sicca syndrome, hepatitis C virus and, 1166

Transcription factor NF-|gkB

in human inflamed synovial tissue, 583
human synovial cells, TNFα and, 197

Transcription factor NOR 90/hUBF, nucleolar, anti-NOR 90 in rheumatic diseases and, 1313

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

in antisynthetase syndrome, 692
autoantibodies and, 146, 1308

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)

in Sjögren's syndrome, 195, 1376
Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959
TIMP-1, oncostatin M and, in articular cartilage, 560

Transforming growth factor β₁ (TGFβ₁)

apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial cells and, 1267
articular chondrocytes and, 552, 1896
osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
in MSU crystal-induced inflammation, 1192

Transfusions

blood, maternal-fetal immunology, autoimmune disease and, 191
in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341
NSAID-induced enteropathy, chronic anemia and, in RA, 321

Transplantation, bone marrow, progression of RA after, 1246

Transracial gene mapping, of major histocompatibility complex in myositis, 1507

Transverse leukonychia, 151

Trauma

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648
childhood-onset scleroderma and, 1041
revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Tretinoin in POEMS syndrome, 1423

Triamcinolone acetonide, corticosteroids, bone and, in RA, 277

Trimethoprim

in disease remission in generalized Wegener's granulomatosis, 2052
in RA, 723

Tritiated thymidine, IL-10 in RA and, 386

Trunk, upper, photosensitive pruritic rash on, in amyopathic DM, 1419

Trypsin, procollagenase, doxycycline and, 235

Tryptase, human synovial mast cells and, 1222

Tryptophan, Mi-2 antibodies, HLA-DR and, in DM, 868

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)

all-trans-retinoic acid in POEMS syndrome and, 1423
collagen arthritis and, 797
early pathologic analysis of SSc and, 1161
HTLV-I, autoimmune disorders and, 1410
IL-10 and, 386, 495
in JRA and juvenile spondylarthropathy, 1703
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
MTX and, 1951
osteonectin in cartilage and, 539
in RA, 125, 183, 386, 829, 1115, 1693, 1781
in Sjögren's syndrome, 195
Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959
synovial endothelial cell adhesion molecules and, 467
TSG-6 in articular chondrocytes and, 552
vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Tumor necrosis factor β (TNFβ)

in JRA and juvenile spondylarthropathy, 1703
Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and, 959

Tumor necrosis factor microsatellite polymorphisms in RA, 1109

Tumor necrosis factor receptor p75, disease activity in JRA and, 883

Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) in articular chondrocytes, 552

Tumors, thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor in Sjögren's syndrome and, 773

Twin studies

CD56 cells in SLE, 1840
cigarette smoking and risk of RA, 732

Tyrosine

kinase, 23, 574
ribosomal P autoantibodies in SLE and, 1833
U

Ulcers

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
drug therapy in RA and, 723
orogenital, in Behçet-type vasculopathy without Behçet's disease, 1926
in scleroderma, 1035, 1146

Ultrasound

color-flow Doppler, to study renal vascular damage in SSc, 1030
in dactylitis in seronegative spondylarthropathy, 1524
of joint and connective tissue, shoulder pain and, 1435

Umbilical vein, synovial endothelial cell adhesion molecules and, 467

Undifferentiated connective tissue disease, early, 403

Undifferentiated seronegative spondylarthropathy, pyoderma gangrenosum and, 1062

Unemployment due to arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders, 101

United States Public Health Service hospitals, RA in, 283

Unproven remedies, Chinese herbs, 354

Upper extremities, distal swelling of, pitting edema and, in polymyalgia rheumatica, 73

Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc and, 341

Urate, monosodium monohydrate crystal, inflammation, TGFβ₁ and, 1192

Ureaplasma, molecular diagnosis of venereal arthritis and, 950

Uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase, enzymes, fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA and, 1781

Urinalysis, acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1

Urinary hydroxyproline, bone mass, pamidronate and, in RA, 397

Urinary nitrate, nitric oxide and, 643, 1677

Urinary pyridinoline, corticosteroids, bone and, in RA, 277

Urine

collagen degradation and, 1455
complement split products in SLE and, 1178
in free radical injury in scleroderma, 1146
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Uveitis

acute anterior, HLA-DR8 and, in AS, 351
in the macaque with HTLV-I, 610
V

Vaccines, rubella, chronic arthropathy and musculoskeletal symptoms after, 1529

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)

α_d /CD18 leukointegrin and, 1913
anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758
lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion and, 226
in RA, 1077, 1082, 1781
synovial endothelial cells and, 467

Vascular damage, renal, in SSc, 1030

Vascular ectasia, gastric antral, in SSc, 341

Vascular endothelial cells, cytokines and, in JRA and juvenile spondylarthropathy, 1703

Vascular endothelium

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and, 1441, 1444, 1466
anti-TNFα antibody in RA and, 1082
transcription factor NF-|gkB and, 583

Vascular inflammation, anti-endothelial antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and, 758

Vascular injury in SLE, 9

Vascular involvement in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041

Vascular lesions, antral, in gastric antral vascular ectasia in SSc, 341

Vascular proliferation

hepatocyte growth factor and, 1566
in shoulder synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica, 1199

Vascular tissue, matrix metalloproteinase 9 in giant cell arteritis and, 1747

Vasculitis

cutaneous leukocytoclastic, after azathioprine and MTX in RA, 1016
fatal postpartum, 352
in IgA multiple myeloma presenting as Henoch-Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa, 698
in monoclonal cryo-antifibrinogenemia, 1066
necrotizing, in systemic vasculopathy in multiple myeloma, 330
rheumatoid, 266, 1937
in SLE, 9, 352, 370
systemic, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis and, 1208
systemic pseudovasculitis from scurvy in anorexia nervosa, 532

Vasculopathy

Behçet-type, without Behçet's disease, 1926
occlusive, cryocrystalglobulinemia and, 335
systemic, 330, 335
vascular injury in SLE and, 9

Vasodilatation, joint swelling, nitric oxide and, 1071

Veins

Behçet-type vasculopathy without Behçet's disease and, 1926
jugular, in focal myositis and MCTD, 1254
umbilical, synovial endothelial cell adhesion molecules and, 467

Vena cava, nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase in articular cartilage and, 245

Venereal arthritis, molecular diagnosis of, 950

Venous thrombosis, axillary, antithymocyte globulin in SSc and, 1132

Ventriculoperitoneal shunts, silastic, silicone immunology and, 1615, 1619

Venules, postcapillary, self peptides, dendritic cells and, in RA, 183

Vertebrae, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Virology, in HTLV-I in the macaque, 610 \

Viruses

adeno-, 820
autoreactivity to heat-shock protein 60 in oligoarticular JRA and, 1826
baculo-, 863
Epstein-Barr, 325, 638, 773
hepatitis C, 1027, 1074, 1166
herpes simplex, 820
HIV, 157, 197
HTLV-1, 463, 535, 610, 1410
hydroxychloroquine and, in AIDS and arthritis, 157
lenti-, 1410
oncorna-, 1410
parvo-, human B19, 880
retro-, 820
simian immunodeficiency, 610
Sjögren's syndrome and, 195

Viscoelasticity, of saliva substitutes in xerostomia in Sjögren's syndrome, 57

Visual analog scale

fluoxetine, amitriptyline and, in fibromyalgia, 1852
methylprednisolone, joint neutrophils and, in RA, 216

Visual impairment, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Vital statistics, in epidemiology of Wegener's granulomatosis, 87

Vitamins

antioxidant micronutrients in knee OA and, 648
bone mineral metabolism in JRA and, 746
C, deficiency of, 1422
D, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Vomiting, sulfasalazine in psoriatic arthritis and, 2013

von Willebrand factor in childhood-onset scleroderma, 1041

W

Walking time

oral type II collagen in JRA and, 623
progressive resistance training in RA and, 415
on Spanish-language outcome questionnaire, 93

Watermelon stomach in SSc, 341, 1439

Wegener's granulomatosis

anti-endothelial antibodies in, 758
epidemiology of, 87
generalized, disease remission in, 2052
human model of, 1262
of the lungs, 615
subglottic stenosis in, 1754

Weight, in OA, 648, 988

Weight bearing

guidelines for evaluation of acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
sports, risk of OA and, 988

White blood cells

scans of, in NSAID enteropathy and chronic anemia in RA, 321
in SLE, 370, 1475
TGFβ₁ in MSU crystal-induced inflammation and, 1192

Whitlockite crystals, basic calcium phosphate crystals, inflammation and, 1319

Work, barriers to return to, in arthritis, 101

Work status

acute musculoskeletal symptoms and, 1
in fibromyalgia, 682, 1627
in RA, 427, 713

World Health Organization (WHO)

fibromyalgia, disability and, 1627
response criteria for RA and, 34

Wound drainage, revision total hip arthroplasty and, 1939

Wound healing, drug therapy in RA and, 723

Wrist, in cryocrystalglobulinemia, 335

X

Xerostomia, saliva substitutes in Sjögren's syndrome and, 57

X-ray absorptiometry, dual-energy, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and, 1791

Xiphoid process, neoepitope marker of skeletal maturation, aging and, 1234

Xylocaine, bone and, in RA, 277

Y

Yersinia enterocolitica, antibiotics in reactive arthritis and, 1238

Z

Zinc, exogenous, procollagenase, doxycycline and, 235