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R/R131 allotype, R131 allele, Fc receptor IIa polymorphism in renal disease in SLE and, 1832
RA33, autoimmune response to the spliceosome and, 777
Rabbit studies
Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, IL-1, chondrocyte matrix metalloproteinase synthesis and, 1304
calcium pyrophosphate microcrystalline synovitis, 201
IL-1 and TNFα in RA, 151
Lyme borreliosis, 565
Mi-2 autoantigen in DM and, 1389
somatostatin in experimental arthritis, 1687
stromelysin degradation of cartilage, 1678
Racial factors
in gout, 628
IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
MHC class II genes, anti-U1 snRNP antibody and, 396
pseudoseptic inflammatory knee effusion in sickle cell disease and, 284
in radiographic hip OA and bone mineral density, 907
shared-epitope DRB1 alleles, RA gene and, 1754
in SLE, 110, 267, 274, 907, 1260, 1492, 1832
vitamin B6 in rheumatoid cachexia and, 105
Radical-radical interaction, nitric oxide and lipoxin A4 in polymorphonuclear vascular cytotoxicity and, 768
Radioactive labeling studies, of immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy, 1722
Radioactivity, surface, synovitis, protein clearance and, 1085
Radiography
in adjuvant arthritis, 129
auto-, 420, 690
in Baker's cyst of knee joint, 859
chondrocytes in aging and development and, 960
evaluative laboratory testing and, 1555
Radiography (cont'd)
in gouty arthritis in AIDS, 570
hand, joint space measurement in, with computerized image analysis, 891
histologic findings in sacroiliitis in AS and, 499
joint and connective tissue ultrasonography and, 736
MTX, prednisone and, in Wegener's granulomatosis, 608
in NSAID-induced gastroduodenal injury in children, 1225
in OA, 82, 201, 334, 420, 539, 760, 799, 907, 1134, 1500
in RA, 82, 334, 755, 1025, 1315, 1466, 1799
serial, diltiazem in calcinosis and, 1646
in spinal involvement in gout, 139
tiludronate, etidronate and, in Paget's disease of bone, 851
Radioimmunoassay
inhibition, 660
in OA, 413, 660
in RA, 660, 1031
to study antigen-based heteropolymers, 190
to study cartilage matrix protein in relapsing polychondritis, 294
to study substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat adjuvant arthritis, 699
Radiolabeled proteins, Yersinia enterocolitica, adhesin YadA, on collagen and, 1282
Radiolabeled rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, human articular cartilage and, 1694
Radiologic vignette
Baker's cyst of right knee joint, 859
complete rotator cuff tear, 288
localized synovial hemangioma, 559
Radiometric assay, to study TGFβ1 in hyaluronan synthesis in synovial lining cells, 669
Range of motion, draft guidelines for drugs in JRA clinical trials and, 715
Ranitidine, NSAID, gastrointestinal tract and, 5
Rapid Assessment of Disease Activity in Rheumatology, self-administered RADAI in epidemiology and, 795
Rash
bullous, after hydroxychloroquine in SLE, 440
in glomerulonephritis, and C4 deficiency, 1333
Rat studies
See also Lewis rats, Sprague-Dawley rats
adjuvant arthritis 129, 699, 1777
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
IL-1, TNFα and, in RA, 151
immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy and, 1722
radiographic changes in adjuvant arthritis, 129
type II collagen in antigen-induced arthritis, 1092
Raynaud's phenomenon
anti-U1 RNA antibodies in connective tissue disease and, 1837
diltiazem in calcinosis and, 1646
HLA type in MCTD and, 259
SSc and, 1, 1060
Reactive amyloidosis, nephrotic syndrome in RA and, azathioprine in, 1851
Reactive arthritis
autoimmune disease induction by microbial organisms and, 458
Chlamydia DNA in, 1005
Chlamydia trachomatis in synovial membranes and, 1410
pathogenesis of spondylarthropathies and, 1547
Yersinia enterocolitica adhesin YadA, on collagen and, 1282
Reactivity
anti-RNP, HRES-1 antibodies and, in SLE and overlap syndromes, 1660
β2-glycoprotein 1-dependent, cross-reactivity of anticardiolipin autoantibodies with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and, 1382
Klebsiella pneumoniae-reactive T cells in AS and, 1277
nucleosome-restricted antibodies in SLE and, 1485
Recombinant growth factors, chondrocytes in aging and development and, 960
Recombinant HRES-1/glutathione-S-transferase-conjugated agarose
beads, HRES-1 antibodies and, in SLE and overlap syndromes, 1660
Recombinant human stromelysin, degradation of cartilage by, 173, 1678
Recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist
IL-1 in experimental arthritis in mice and, 164
in RA, 151
Recombinant Mi-2, Mi-2 autoantigen in DM and, 1389
Recombinant soluble TNFα receptors, in RA, 151
Recombinant Yersinia enterocolitica, adhesin YadA, on collagen, 1282
Recommendations for liver biopsy in RA, after MTX, 1115
Red blood cells
in rheumatoid vasculitis, 248
sickled, in pseudoseptic inflammatory knee effusion in sickle cell disease, 284
transfusions of, Lyme borreliosis and, 565
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, clenched fist syndrome and, 57
Refractory arthritis, pediatric, parenteral MTX in, 575
Refractory cutaneous lupus, cytarabine in, 1341
Refractory psoriatic arthritis, oral 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in, 1604
Refractory RA
chimeric monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody in, 1581
cyclophosphamide and malignancy in, 1120
cyclosporine in, 867
Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma in, 867
human monoclonal antibody CAMPATH-1H in, 1187, 1589
IL-2 diphtheria fusion protein (DAB486IL-2) in, 1177
MTX in, 867, 1581
Regional cerebral blood flow, pain in women with fibromyalgia and, 926
Rehabilitation, cognitive deficit in rheumatic diseases, 1361
Reiter's syndrome
Chlamydia trachomatis in synovial membranes and, 1410
TAP alleles and, 684
Relapsing polychondritis, cartilage matrix protein and cartilage turnover in, 294
Renal biopsy
in amyloidosis, 1851
in glomerulonephritis and C4 deficiency, 1333
in RA, 242, 1851
Renal function, glomerulonephritis, C4 deficiency and, 1333
Renal involvement
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in mice and, 1375
after corticosteroids, pulse cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome, 1638
Fc receptor IIa polymorphism in, in SLE, 1832
immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy and, 1722
proximal tubular, tenidap in RA and, 1447
Renal toxicity, cost of drugs in RA and, 318
Renal transplantation, rejection in, IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
Reovirus, enteroviral RNA, bacterial DNA and, in juvenile DM, 1513
Respiratory burst, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in mice and, 1375
Respiratory distress syndrome, adult, anti-Jo-1 antibody and, in PM, 1519
Respiratory failure, acute, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-
negative pulmonary capillaritis, circulating primed neutrophils and, 1855
Respiratory gases, expired, cardiovascular fitness in end-stage OA and, 799
Respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviral RNA, bacterial DNA and, in juvenile DM, 1513
Respiratory tract involvement, upper, autoimmunity and, 301
Response genes, early, cytokines and, 877
Rest, MRI/MRS in DM and, 68
Resting-state, cerebral blood flow, pain and, in women with fibromyalgia, 926
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
polymerase chain reaction, to study HLA-DR8 in acute anterior uveitis in AS, 547
to study shared-epitope DRB1 alleles, RA gene and, 1754
T cell receptor β chain genes in RA susceptibility and, 91
Reticulate bodies, Chlamydia trachomatis in synovial membranes and, 1410
Retina, in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in JRA, 446
Retirement community, walking velocity in elderly and, 343
Retroviral antigens and superantigens, autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
Retroviral element-encoded nuclear protein autoantigen, HRES-1 antibodies in SLE and overlap syndrome and, 1660
Retroviruses, autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, to study
substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat adjuvant arthritis, 699
Reverse transcriptase
in situ, to study granzyme A and perforin mRNA in RA synovium, 477
polymerase chain reaction, 413, 1077, 1400, 1513
Revision total hip replacement, in RA, loosening of, 1315
Rhesus monkey studies, antigen-based heteropolymers, 190
Rheumatic diseases
ACR Slide Collection on the, 1733
autoimmune response to the spliceosome and, 777
autoimmunity and, 301
cognitive deficit in, 1361
continuing medical education about, for primary care physicians, 533
criteria for, study populations in development of, 722
evaluative laboratory testing and, 1555
Felty's syndrome, large granular lymphocyte syndrome and, 1352
future of rheumatologists and, 451
immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy and, 1722
measuring relevant change in, 1027
MHC class II genes and anti-U1 snRNP antibody in, 396
nephrotic syndrome in RA and amyloidosis treated with azathioprine, 1851
NSAID, gastrointestinal tract and, 5
practice guidelines for, 1533
risk factors for septic arthritis in joint disease and, 1819
sexual abuse in fibromyalgia and, 161, 229, 235
silicone breast implants and, 719, 721
SLE and, 506, 1055
Rheumatic symptoms
clomiphene and, 1344
parvovirus B19 infection, chronic fatigue syndrome and, 638
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
ACR preliminary definition of improvement in, 727
active, 29, 678, 1595, 1701
AIDS in, 1701
antibodies to synovial antigens in, 1418
anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody in, 1457, 1581
antiinflammatory mechanism of adenosine regulators and, 1040
apoptosis and functional Fas antigen in synoviocytes in, 485
Arthritis Knowledge Questionnaire and, 590
autoimmune response to the spliceosome in, 777
azathioprine in, 142, 1799, 1851
B cells in, 1771
bone marrow cells and IgM-RF in, 384
bone sialoprotein in, 82
C1q, C1r/C1s, and C1INH in, 492
CAMPATH-1H in, 254, 1187, 1589
carbohydrate content of immune complexes in, 744
cathepsin and collagenase in, 976
CD4 monoclonal antibody in, 1097
CD28 cells in, 649
CD80 in, 1863
classic, 315, 601
clinical outcomes in, 1807
clinical trials in, 1568
cognitive deficit in rheumatic diseases and, 1361
combination therapy in, 1799
cost of drugs in, 318, 1862
cost-effectiveness of liver biopsy in, 326
criteria for, 722
cyclophosphamide and malignancy in, 1120
cyclosporine in, 867
cytokines and early response genes in, 877
cytomegalovirus in, 1861
depression in women with, 49
disease severity in, 1344
draft guidelines for drugs in JRA clinical trials and, 715
early, 1097, 1418, 1447, 1466
in elderly, 334, 1363
end-stage liver disease in α1-antitrypsin deficiency after MTX in, 1014
eosinophil major basic protein in SSc and, 939
Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma in, after MTX and cyclosporine, 867
erythrocytes in, 248
E-selectin in, 740
evaluative laboratory testing and, 1555
Felty's syndrome, large granular lymphocyte syndrome and, 1352
fibrous, EDA-containing fibronectin in synovium in, 678
finger tendons in, 786
functional Fas antigen and apoptosis in synoviocytes in, 485
gene, shared-epitope DRB1 alleles and, 1754
genotyping in, 1526
gold-induced enterocolitis and HLA-DRB1*0404 allele in, 755
granzyme A and perforin mRNA in, 477
hand bone mineral density in, 1204
high-dose fish oil in, 1107
HLA type in MCTD and, 259
HLA-Dw4 in, 298
IgM-RF in bone marrow cells in, 384
IL-1 in, 151
IL-1 receptor antagonist in, 642
IL-2 diphtheria fusion protein (DAB486IL-2) in, 1177
IL-4 in, 1046
IL-6 in, 1046
IL-10 in, 96, 946, 1046, 1771
immunoglobulin κ in, 1526
immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy and, 1722
inflammation in, 649
interstitial pneumonia due to cytomegalovirus after MTX in, 291
joint and connective tissue ultrasonography in, 736
joint destruction in HIV in, 1328
joint inflammation in, 649
joint space measurement of hand with computerized image analysis in, 891
joints in, 38, 601
leflunomide in, 1595
liver biopsy in, 326, 1115, 1194
loosening of revision total hip replacement in, 1315
matrix metalloproteinase and, 574, 1304
measuring relevant change in clinical trials in, 1027
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (cont'd)
metalloproteinase in, 969, 1031
Mi-2 autoantigen in DM and, 1389
monoclonal antibodies in, 655, 1187
MRI in, 819, 1610
mRNA in, 477
MTX in, 291, 297, 326, 601, 1014, 1023, 1115, 1173, 1194, 1581, 1799, 1861, 1865
nephrotic syndrome in, 1851
NSAID in, 723, 1107
nuclear factor κB in rheumatoid synovium, 1762
osteoporosis in, 806
outcome measures in clinical trials in, 1568
parvovirus B19-induced pancytopenia in, after MTX, 1023
perforin mRNA and granzyme A in synovium in, 477
peripheral neuropathy with necrotizing vasculitis in, 1618
PET in, 819
piroxicam in, 29
polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping for immunoglobulin κ in, 1526
prednisone vs chloroquine in elderly with, 334
proteoglycans in articular cartilage in, 660
purine enzymes and azathioprine toxicity in, 142
radiography in, 1466
refractory, 1177, 1187, 1581, 1589
renal biopsy in, 242
RF in, 1771
risk factors for septic arthritis in joint disease and, 1819
self-administered RADAI in epidemiology in, 795
SF in, 82
steroids, hormone replacement and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with, 902
stress fractures in, 1025
stress management in clinical outcomes in, 1807
stromelysin-1 in, 969, 1031
student's perspective on, 315
swelling in, 601
synovial membrane activation markers in, 1346
synovial tissue response to CAMPATH-1H in, 254
synoviocytes in, apoptosis and functional Fas antigen in, 485
synovium in, 477, 678
T cell receptors in, 577, 1242
T cells in, 649, 946
tenderness in, 601
tenidap in, 29, 1447
TIMP-1 in, 969, 1031
TNFα in, 151
toxicity in, 1173
28-joint count in, 38, 44
vitamin B6 in, 105
Rheumatoid cachexia, vitamin6 in, 105
Rheumatoid factor (RF)
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
autoimmunity and, 301
IgM, 96, 384
in RA, 96, 601, 1023, 1466, 1771
Rheumatoid synovial cells, fibroblast-like, EDA-containing fibronectin in, 678
Rheumatoid synovial fibroblast adhesion, to human articular cartilage, 1694
Rheumatoid synovial membrane, synovial T cells, IL-10 and, 946
Rheumatoid synovitis
IL-1 and TNFα in, 151
MRI in, 1610
Rheumatoid synovium
apoptosis in synoviocytes in, 485
cathepsin and collagenase in, 976
EDA-containing fibronectin in, 678
granzyme A and perforin mRNA in, 477
nuclear factor κB in, 1762
rheumatoid synovial fibroblast adhesion to human articular cartilage and, 1694
Rheumatoid vasculitis
erythrocytes in, 248
red blood cells in, 248
Rheumatologic clinic trials, measuring relevant change in, 1027
Rheumatology and rheumatologists
access to medical care for musculoskeletal conditions and, 1128
ACR preliminary definition of improvement in RA and, 727
ACR Presidential Address, 1994, 451
American Board of Internal Medicine recertification program in, 1169
Arthritis Knowledge Questionnaire and, 590
arthroscopy and, 1026
continuing medical education in rheumatic diseases for primary care physicians, 533
diagnosis of arthritis and, 448
guidelines for medical management of OA and, 1535, 1541
measuring relevant change in clinical trials in rheumatology, 1027
practice guidelines and, 1533
student's perspective on RA, 315
Rheumatology Grand Rounds
cutaneous PAN associated with Crohn's disease and atrial myxoma, 1161
loosening of revision total hip replacement in RA, 1315
Riboprobes, nonradioactive, to study granzyme A and perforin mRNA in RA synovium, 477
Ribosomal proteins, in pathogenesis of spondylarthropathies, 1547
Rigor, after chimeric monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody and MTX in RA, 1581
Risser's index, chondrocytes in aging and development and, 960
RNA
aggrecan and type II collagen genes in experimental OA and, 420
anti-U1, 259, 1837
enteroviral, in juvenile DM, 1513
messenger, 96, 413, 420, 477, 499, 678, 750, 877, 976, 1055, 1290, 1791
viral, 1513
RNP
anti-U1 RNA antibodies in connective tissue disease and, 1837
anti-U1 small nuclear antibody, MHC class II genes and, 396
autoimmune response to the spliceosome and, 777
heterogeneous nuclear, 777
HRES-1 antibodies and, in SLE and overlap syndromes, 1660
small nuclear, 777, 1660
Ro antigen
52-kd, autoepitopes of 52-kd SS-A/Ro molecule and, 990
in human skin, 1271
Roenigk score, liver biopsy in RA, after MTX and, 1115
Ro/La autoantibodies, HRES-1 antibodies and, in SLE and overlap syndromes, 1660
Romberg test, lumbar spinal stenosis and, 1236
Ropes, Marian W., obituary, 866
Rotator cuff tear, complete, 288
Running, knee OA in former runners, 539
Rupture, traumatic, of Achilles tendon, joint and connective tissue ultrasonography of, 736