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Iatrogenic factors, in functional disability in PM/DM, 1218
Ibuprofen, gastrointestinal tract and, 5
Idiopathic calcinosis, diltiazem in, 1646
Idiopathic diseases, autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
Idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, diffuse, tracheal stenosis secondary to, 296, 1345
Idiopathic SLE, fibromyalgia in, 872
Idiotypes, human monoclonal antiphospholipid antibody and, 1068
IgG
adherent, IL-1 receptor antagonist in SLE and, 1055
anti-DNA antibody T14, DNA binding of IgM[gl] anti-DNA antibody and, 389
antibodies, 190, 361, 638, 1418, 1513, 1837
antigens, 1418
heavy chain dimer, 1418
human, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in mice and, 1375
isotype, in anti-pyruvate dehydrogenase in SSc, 985
protein-G purified, 1485
receptors for, in autoimmune disease, 306
in SLE, 1485, 1852
IgG2, IgG3, Fc receptor IIa, in renal disease in SLE, 1832
IgM
antibodies, 638, 1513, 1837
deficiency, in SLE, 1713
isotype, in anti-pyruvate dehydrogenase in SSc, 985
in RA, 96, 384, 744, 1418
RF, 96, 384, 1771
IgM[gl] monoclonal antibody KIM4.6, anti-DNA antibody binding and, 389
131I-labeled albumin, synovitis, protein clearance and, in canine knee, 1084
125I-labeled protein A, antibodies to synovial antigens in early RA and, 1418
Ile, Leu, Glu, Asp amino acid sequence, MHC class II genes, anti-U1 snRNP antibody and, 396
Ileum, gold-induced enterocolitis, HLA-DRB1*0404 allele and, 755
Image procession, Western blot analysis by, 872
Imaging studies
of brain, cognitive deficit in rheumatic diseases and, 1363
in diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis, 1236
Immune complex disease
C4 deficiency in glomerulonephritis, 1333
IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
Immune complexes
IgG receptors in, 306, 1832
in RA, carbohydrates in, 744
Immune-mediated diseases
immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy in, 1722
pathogenesis of spondylarthropathies and, 1547
Immune neutropenia, neonatal, IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
Immune response
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
autoimmunity and, 301, 777, 1532
cytokines, early response genes and, 877
immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy and, 1722
Klebsiella pneumoniae-reactive T cells in AS and, 1277
in Lyme borreliosis, 565
modifiers, draft guidelines for drugs in JRA clinical trials and, 715
pathogenesis of spondylarthropathies and, 1547
Immune system
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
autoimmunity and, 301, 777, 1532
Chlamydia trachomatis in synovial membrane and, 1410
cytokines, early response genes and, 877
of newborn infant, immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy and, 1722
PM, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatitis C and, 437
Immunity
antigen-induced arthritis, type II collagen and, 1092
autoimmune disease induction by microbial antigens and, 458
in Lyme borreliosis, 565
Immunization
antigen-induced arthritis, type II collagen and, 1092
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in mice and, 1375
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
bone marrow transplantation, antiphospholipid syndrome and, 115
to study substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat adjuvant arthritis, 699
Immunoaffinity chromatography, to study Mi-2 autoantigen in DM, 123
Immunoassay in RA
to study bone sialoprotein in SF, 82
to study serum metalloproteinases in, 1031
to study stromelysin-1 and TIMP-1 in, 969, 1031
Immunoblotting
in pediatric Lyme arthritis in Europe, 361
to study anti-apolipoprotein A1 in SLE and, 1655
to study antibodies to synovial antigens in early RA, 1418
to study anti-U1 RNA antibodies in connective tissue disease, 1837
to study autoepitopes of the 52-kd SS-A/Ro molecule, 990
to study the autoimmune response to the spliceosome and, 777
to study MHC class II genes and anti-U1 snRNP antibody, 396
to study Mi-2 autoantigen in DM, 123, 1389
to study pyruvate dehydrogenase in SSc, 985
Immunocytochemistry, to study TGFβ1 in hyaluronan synthesis in synovial lining cells, 669
Immunodeficiency
autoimmune diseases and, 301, 1532
common variable, Ureaplasma urealyticum destructive septic polyarthritis and, 1524
Immunodiffusion
to study autoantibodies in twins with scleroderma, 1845
to study Mi-2 autoantigen in DM, 123
Immunoelectron microscopy
to study Chlamydia trachomatis in synovial membrane, 1410
to study EDA-containing fibronectin in RA synovium, 678
Immunofluorescence
indirect, 633, 1271, 1400, 1845
to study enteroviral RNA, bacterial DNA and, in juvenile DM, 1513
to study eosinophil major basic protein in SSc, 939
to study Mi-2 autoantigen in DM, 1389
T cell receptor Vβ genes in Sjogren's syndrome and, 1077
two-color, to study CD28 cells in RA, 649
Immunogenesis, anti-apolipoprotein A1 in SLE and, 1655
Immunogenetics
anti-U1 RNA antibodies in connective tissue disease and, 1837
HLA type in MCTD, 259
MHC class II genes, anti-U1 snRNP antibody and, 396
Immunogens, autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
Immunoglobulin κ, polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping of, in RA, 1526
Immunoglobulins
antibodies to synovial antigens in early RA and, 1418
heavy chain, in anti-DNA antibody binding, 389
IgG receptors in autoimmune disease, 306
IgM deficiency in SLE, 1713
intravenous, 146, 1333, 1722
Immunohistochemistry
immunogold-silver, 477
in RA, 254, 477, 678, 750, 1242
to study eosinophil major basic protein in SSc and, 939
to study HTLV-1 in PM, 690
to study monoclonal antibodies in detection of biochemical markers of arthritis, 655
to study nuclear factor-κB in rheumatoid synovium, 1762
to study substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat adjuvant arthritis, 699
Immunohistology
adhesion molecules in disease activity in SSc and, 184
in RA, 492, 1242, 1328, 1457
to study IL-10 in synovial T cells, 946
to study sacroiliitis in AS, 499
Immunolocation analysis, to study monoclonal antibodies in detection of biochemical markers of arthritis, 655
Immunologic diseases
IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
Yersinia enterocolitica adhesin YadA binding to collagen and, 1283
Immunology
in autoimmunity, 301, 777, 1532
evaluative laboratory testing and, 1555
high-dose fish oil, NSAID and, in RA, 1107
HLA type, MCTD and, 259
IL-1 receptor antagonist in SLE and, 1055
immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy and, 1722
Immunoperoxidase staining, to study T cell receptor Vβ genes in Sjogren's syndrome and, 1077
Immunophenotyping, to study IgG Fc receptors IIa in renal disease in SLE, 1832
Immunoprecipitation
to study anti-U1 RNA antibodies in connective tissue disease, 1837
to study autoantibodies in twins with scleroderma, 1845
to study Mi-2 autoantigen in DM, 123, 1389
Immunoreactivity
anti-apolipoprotein A1 in SLE and, 1655
autoepitopes of the 52-kd SS-A/Ro molecule and, 990
MHC class II genes, anti-U1 snRNP antibody and, 396
neuronal calcitonin gene-related peptide-like, in rat adjuvant arthritis, 699
to study Mi-2 autoantigen in DM, 1389
Immunoregulation
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
IL-10 in synovial T cells and, 946
macrophages, clodronate-containing liposomes and, in rat adjuvant arthritis, 1777
in RA, 577, 649
Immunoscreening, Mi-2 autoantigen in DM and, 1389
Immunostaining
gold, to study Chlamydia trachomatis in synovial membrane, 1410
to study bone sialoprotein in RA SF, 82
to study E-selectin in SSc, 406
Immunostimulation, IL-10 in RA and, 96
Immunosuppression, endogenous, IL-10 in synovial T cells and, 946
Immunosuppressive drugs
in C4 deficiency in glomerulonephritis, 1333
in Lyme borreliosis, 565
during pregnancy, 1722
Immunotherapy, in sacroiliitis in AS, 499
Implant loosening, tuberculous and foreign-body granulomatous reactions in total knee prosthesis and, 1325
Improvement in RA, ACR preliminary definition of, 727
In situ hybridization
in RA, 477, 492, 678, 750, 976
to study cathepsin and collagenase in OA, 976
to study E-selectin in SSc, 406
to study Mi-2 autoantigen in DM, 1389
to study sacroiliitis in AS, 499
In situ reverse transcriptase, to study granzyme A and perforin mRNA in RA synovium, 477
Incidence of SLE, 1260
Incorporation assays, 3H-thymidine, to study CD28 cells in RA, 649
Indirect immunofluorescence
in SLE, 633, 1845
to study Ro and La antigens in human skin, 1271
to study stromelysin-cleaved rabbit aggrecan and, 1400
Infarction, myocardial, cross-reactivity of anticardiolipin autoantibodies with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and, 1362
Infection
acute, 1547
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
Borrelia burgdorferia, in pediatric Lyme arthritis in Europe, 361
in C4 deficiency in glomerulonephritis, 1333
CAMPATH-1H and, 1187
Chlamydia trachomatis, in synovial membrane, 1410
chronic, 458
enteric, 458
HIV, 1328, 1701, 1733
loosening of revision total hip replacement and, 1315
Lyme borreliosis and, 565
microbial, 458
morbidity in SLE and, 1492
Mycobacterium xenopi, 1589
onset of giant cell arteritis and, 374
opportunistic, 1581, 1595
parvovirus B19, 638, 1174
pathogenesis of spondylarthropathies and, 1547
putative, enteroviral RNA, bacterial DNA and, in juvenile DM, 1513
in RA, 1187, 1315, 1581, 1589, 1595
risk factors for septic arthritis in joint disease and, 1819
skin, 1819
tuberculous and foreign-body granulomatous reactions in total knee prosthesis and, 1325
virus, hepatitis C, PM, pulmonary fibrosis and, 437
Yersinia, joint and connective tissue ultrasonography and, 736
Infectious arthritides, IL-10 in RA and, 96
Infectious arthropathy, cytokines in JRA and, 211, 1531
Infectious diseases
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
autoimmunity and, 301, 1532
Infectious endocarditis, carbohydrates in RA immune complexes and, 744
Infectious retroviruses, autoimmune disease induction in microbial pathogens and, 458
Infertility, immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy and, 1722
Inflammation
adenosine regulators and, 1040
adhesion molecules in disease activity in SSc and, 184
antibody-mediated, IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
bone marrow fat in sickled erythrocytes and, 1349
carrageenan-induced, 1040
chronic, 577, 750
cytokines, early response genes and, 877
histologic findings in sacroiliitis in AS, 499
HLA antigens, disease progression and, in psoriatic arthritis, 845
IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
IL-1 and, 164, 1055
joint, 458, 618, 649, 699, 736, 877, 969, 1466
macrophages, clodronate-containing liposomes and, in rat adjuvant arthritis, 1777
muscle, MRI/MRS in DM and, 68
neurogenic, in Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma, 1
in OA, 201, 1290, 1541
oral 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in psoriatic arthritis and, 1604
pathogenesis of spondylarthropathies and, 1547
pro-, IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
in pseudoseptic knee effusion in sickle cell disease, 284
in quantification of rheumatoid synovitis by MRI, 1610
in RA, 151, 492, 577, 642, 750, 819, 1031, 1457, 1466
serum cytokines in JRA and, 211, 1531
in SLE, 1055
soft tissue, joint and connective tissue ultrasonography and, 736
somatostatin in experimental arthritis and, 1687
sulfasalazine in spondylarthropathy and, 618
synovial, 819, 1085, 1457, 1610
TGFβ1 in hyaluronan synthesis in synovial lining cells and, 669
tissue, nitric oxide synthase in articular chondrocytes in the pathogenesis of arthritis and, 1529
tuberculous and foreign-body granulomatous reactions in total knee prosthesis and, 1325
vitamin B6 in rheumatoid cachexia and, 105
Inflammatory arthritides, IL-10 in RA and, 96
Inflammatory arthritis
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
genetic typing in, 873
IL-1, TNFα and, in RA, 151
Inflammatory bowel disease
cytokines, early response genes and, 877
pathogenesis of spondylarthropathies and, 1547
Inflammatory cells, synovial inflammation after anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody in early RA and, 1457
Inflammatory diseases
antiinflammatory mechanism of adenosine inhibitors and, 1040
autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
autoimmunity and, 301, 1532
chronic, 458, 877
IL-1α in JRA and, 221
joint, antigen-induced arthritis, type II collagen and, 1092
TGFβ1 in hyaluronan synthesis in synovial lining cells and, 669
Inflammatory knee effusion, pseudoseptic, in sickle cell disease, 284
Inflammatory lesions
cytokines, early response genes and, 877
T cell receptor Vβ genes in Sjogren's syndrome and, 1077
Inflammatory muscle disease, HTLV-1 in PM, 690
Inflammatory tissue, joint and connective tissue ultrasonography and, 736
Influenza A and B, enteroviral RNA, bacterial DNA and, in juvenile DM, 1513
Inhibition radioimmunoassay, to study proteoglycans in articular cartilage in OA and RA, 660
Injectable gold, cost of, in RA, 318
Injectable intraarticular corticosteroids, guidelines for medical management of OA and, 1535, 1541
Inoculations, Lyme borreliosis and, 565
Inositol lipids, IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
Inpatient care
joint and connective tissue ultrasonography and, 736
rheumatology and, 451
Insertional inactivation, autoimmune disease induction by microbial pathogens and, 458
Instrumental activities of daily living, guidelines for medical management of OA and, 1535
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
ACR recommendations for liver biopsy in RA after MTX and, 1115
autoimmunity and, 301, 1532
Insulin-like growth factor 1, in OA, 413
Insurance status, in SLE, 267, 274
Integrin receptors, chondrocyte, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, IL-1, matrix metalloproteinase synthesis and, 1304
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)
in Lyme borreliosis, 565
soluble, disease activity in SSc and, 184
Interferon, early response genes and, 877
Interferon-stimulated response element, early response genes and, 877
Interferon-α, early response genes and, 877
Interferon-γ
activation sequence, 877
early response genes and, 877
IL-10 and, 946, 1046
receptor, 877
Interleukin, early response genes and, 877
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, chondrocytes, matrix metalloproteinase synthesis and, 1304
cytokines, early response genes and, 877
in experimental arthritis in mice, 164
histologic findings in sacroiliitis in AS and, 499
in JRA, 221
receptor antagonist, 151, 642, 1055
receptors for, in experimental arthritis in mice, 164
rheumatoid synovial fibroblast adhesion to human articular cartilage and, 1694
Interleukin-1A2 (IL-1A2), in JRA, 221
Interleukin-1α (IL-1α)
IL-1 in experimental arthritis in mice and, 164
polymorphism, in JRA, 221
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)
IL-1 in experimental arthritis in mice and, 164
in JRA, 211, 1531
plasma, 29
proteoglycan synthesis in canine OA and, 525
in RA, 29, 601, 642, 1107, 1457
TGFβ1 in hyaluronan synthesis in synovial lining cells and, 669
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
diphtheria fusion protein (DAB486IL-2), in refractory RA, 1177
early response genes and, 877
high-dose fish oil, NSAID and, in RA, 1107
immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy and, 1722
soluble, in JRA, 211, 1531
T cells and, 506, 946
Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
early response genes and, 877
IL-10 and, 946, 1046
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
early response genes and, 877
IL-1 and, in experimental arthritis in mice, 164
in JRA, 211, 1531
in RA, 29, 601, 1046, 1107, 1447, 1771
Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
high-dose fish oil, NSAID and, in RA, 1107
in JRA, 211, 1531
Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
early response genes and, 877
endogenous, 1771
production of, by synovial T cells, 946
in RA, 96, 1046, 1771
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), early response genes and, 877
International Conference on Lyme Borreliosis (VI), 565
Internists and internal medicine
American Board of Medicine recertification program in rheumatology, 1169
joint and connective tissue ultrasonography and, 736
practice guidelines and, 1533
Interphalangeal joints
joint and connective tissue ultrasonography and, 736
proximal, radiographic joint space measurement and, 891
Interstitial lung disease, PM, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatitis C and, 437
Interstitial lung fibrosis, HLA type and, 259
Interstitial nephritis, acute, renal biopsy in RA and, 242
Interstitial pneumonia, cytomegalovirus and, after low-dose MTX in RA, 291
Interstitial region, cathepsin and collagenase in, in RA and OA, 976
Interstitium, lung, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-negative pulmonary capillaritis, circulating primed neutrophils in, 1855
Intraarticular corticosteroid injections, guidelines for medical management of OA and, 1535, 1541
Intraarticular CPPD crystals, in synovitis, 201, 1085
Intraarticular methylated bovine serum albumin, to study type II collagen in antigen-induced arthritis, 1092
Intraarticular recombinant human stromelysin, in cartilage degradation, 1678
Intraarticular somatostatin, in experimental arthritis, 1687
Intracellular bacteria, pathogenesis of spondylarthropathies and, 1547
Intracellular pathogens, pathogenesis of spondylarthropathies and, 1547
Intracellular reticulate bodies, Chlamydia trachomatis in synovial membrane and, 1410
Intracellular tyrosine kinases, IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
Intramuscular MTX, shelf-life of parenteral MTX and, 575
Intrathecal autoantibodies, in Lyme borreliosis, 565
Intravenous anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody in RA
concomitant MTX and, 1581
synovial inflammation after, 1457
Intravenous bolus pulse cyclophosphamide, in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome, 1638
Intravenous CAMPATH-1H, in refractory RA, 1589
Intravenous clodronate-containing liposomes, macrophages and, in rat adjuvant arthritis, 1777
Intravenous IL-2 diphtheria fusion protein (DAB486IL-2), in refractory RA, 1177
Intravenous immunoglobulins
in C4 deficiency in glomerulonephritis, 1333
during pregnancy, 1722
inhibition of complement activation by, 146
Intravenous pamidronate, in quantative bone scintigraphy in monostotic Paget's disease of bone, 1506
Iridocyclitis, chronic, IL-1α in JRA and, 221
Iron, cytokines in JRA and, 211, 1531
Iron salute, hemochromatosis and, 558
Ischemia, digital
in cutaneous PAN associated with Crohn's disease and atrial myxoma, 1161
in Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma, 1
Isodesmosine, elastin and collagen degradation in SSc, 517
Isoforms, protein, IgG receptors in autoimmune disease and, 306
Isotopes
to study elastin and collagen degradation in SSc, 517
to study quantitative bone scintigraphy in monostotic Paget's disease of bone, 1506
Ixodes scapularis, Lyme borreliosis and, 565