This resource is continually developed as additional references, links, and downloadable files become available for inclusion.

Note that the American College of Rheumatology is not the originator of many of these disease activity measures, indices, questionnaires, and criteria. Inclusion of a reference in this bibliography should not be construed as an endorsement by the ACR, except as indicated otherwise. This bibliography is not intended to be exhaustive; however, new references will be added from time to time.

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• Takayasu Arteritis (TA), ACR Criteria (TA criteria) (TA criteria tree format):
  Arend WP, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Hunder GG, Calabrese LH, Edworthy SM, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1129-34.
• Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology:
  Cassidy JT, Petty RE, Lindsley CB, Laxer RN, editors. Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2005.
• Tezenas du Montcel Classification of HLA–DRB1 Alleles:
  Tezenas du Montcel S, Michou L, Petit-Teixeira E, Osorio J, Lemaire I, Lasbleiz S, et al. New classification of HLA–DRB1 alleles supports the shared epitope hypothesis of rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:1063–8.
• Toxicity Index for Comparing Drug Side Effects:
  Fries JF, Spitz PW, Williams CA, Bloch DA, Singh G, Hubert HB. A toxicity index for comparison of side effects among different drugs. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:121-30.
• Ultrasound Use in Rheumatology Practice in the US:
  American College of Rheumatology Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Task Force. Ultrasound in American rheumatology practice: report of the American College of Rheumatology Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Task Force. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010;62:1206–19.
• Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease:
  Mosca M, Tavoni A, Neri R, Bencivelli W, Bombardieri S. Undifferentiated connective tissue diseases: the clinical and serological profile of 91 patients followed for at least 1 year. Lupus 1998;7:95–100.
• Unité Rhumatologique des Affections de la Main (URAM) Scale for Assessing Disability in Dupuytren's Disease:
  Beaudreuil J, Allard A, Zerkak D, Gerber RA, Cappelleri JC, Quintero N, et al, for the URAM Study Group. Unité Rhumatologique des Affections de la Main (URAM) scale: development and validation of a tool to assess Dupuytren's disease–specific disability. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011;63:1448–55.
• University of Pennsylvania System for Radiographic Staging of Osteonecrosis (ON):
  Steinberg ME, Hayken GD, Steinberg DR. A quantitative system for staging avascular necrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995;77:34–41.
• Uveitis (see Hogan Classification of Uveitis)
• Vasculitis Criteria:
  • ACR 1990 Criteria for Vasculitis (Specific vasculitides are listed under their individual names):
    • Histopathology:
      Lie JT, Members and Consultants of the American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Classification of Vasculitis. Illustrated histopathologic classification criteria for selected vasculitis syndromes. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1074-87.
    • Introduction:
      Hunder GG, Arend WP, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Fauci AS, Fries JF, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis: introduction. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1065-7.
    • Patients and Methods:
      Bloch DA, Michel BA, Hunder GG, McShane DJ, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis: patients and methods. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1068-73.
    • Statistical Approaches:
      Bloch DA, Moses LE, Michel BA. Statistical approaches to classification: methods for developing classification and other criteria rules. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1137-44.
    • Summary:
      Fries JF, Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis: summary. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1135-6.
  • Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) Nomenclature/Criteria for Vasculitis:
    Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, Bacon PA, Churg J, Gross WL, et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides: proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:187-92.
  • European Vasculitis Study Group (EUVAS) Criteria for Vasculitis:
    Jayne DR, Rasmussen N. Treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibody-associated systemic vasculitis: initiatives of the European Community Systemic Vasculitis Clinical Trials Study Group. Mayo Clin Proc 1997;72:737–47.
  • Fauci Classification of Vasculitis:
    Fauci AS, Haynes BF, Katz P. The spectrum of vasculitis: clinical, pathologic, immunologic and therapeutic considerations. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:660-76.
  • Scoring Systems and Measures of Disease Activity in the Vasculitides:
    • Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS):
      • BVAS:
        Luqmani RA, Bacon PA, Moots RJ, Janssen BA, Pall A, Emery P, et al. Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) in systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Q J Med 1994;87:671-8.
      • BVAS Update:
        Luqmani RA, Exley AR, Kitas GD, Bacon PA. Disease assessment and management of the vasculitides. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1997;11:422-47.
      • Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis (BVAS/WG):
        Stone JH, Hoffman GS, Merkel PA, Min YI, Uhlfelder ML, Hellmann DB, for the International Network for the Study of the Systemic Vasculitides (INSSYS). A disease-specific activity index for Wegener's granulomatosis: modification of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:912-20.
    • ELK (Ear/Nose/Throat, Lung, and Kidney Involvement) Classification:
      DeRemee RA, McDonald TJ, Harrison EG Jr, Coles DT. Wegener’s granulomatosis: anatomic correlates, a proposed classification. Mayo Clin Proc 1976;51:777–81.
    • Disease Extent Index (DEI) [for Organ Involvement in Wegener's Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA)]:
      Reinhold-Keller E, Kekow J, Schnabel A, Schmitt WH, Heller M, Beigel A, et al. Influence of disease manifestation and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titer on the response to pulse cyclophosphamide therapy in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:919-24.
    • Five-Factors Score (FFS) [for polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS)]:
      Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gayraud M, Cohen P, Jarrousse B, Lortholary O, et al. Prognostic factors in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: a prospective study in 342 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 1996;75:17-28.
    • Groningen Index [for Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's)(GPA)]:
      Kallenberg CG, Cohen Tervaert JW, Stegeman CA. Criteria for disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis: a requirement for longitudinal clinical studies. APMIS Suppl 1990;19:37-9.
    • Vasculitis Activity Index (VAI) [for Systemic Necrotizing Vasculitis]:
      Whiting-O'Keefe QE, Stone JH, Hellmann DB. Validity of a Vasculitis Activity Index for systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:2365-71.
    • Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) [for the Systemic Vasculitides]:
      Exley AR, Bacon PA, Luqmani RA, Kitas GD, Gordon C, Savage CO, et al. Development and initial validation of the Vasculitis Damage Index for the standardized clinical assessment of damage in the systemic vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:371–80.
• Ways of Coping Questionnaire:
  Folkman S, Lazarus RS. Manual for the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1988.
• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Revised (WAIS-R):
  Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Revised: manual. New York: Psychological Corporation; 1981.
• Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) [Genome-wide association study (GWAS)]:
  The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 2007;447:661–78.
• Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC):
  Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt LW. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol 1988;15:1833-40.
• West Haven–Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI):
  Kerns RD, Turk DC, Rudy TE. The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Pain 1985 23:345–56.
• Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) of the Knee in Osteoarthritis:
  Peterfy CG, Guermazi A, Zaim S, Tirman PF, Miaux Y, White D, et al. Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) of the knee in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004;12:177–90.

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