This resource is continually developed as additional references, links, and downloadable files become available for inclusion.

Note that the American College of Rheumatology is not the originator of many of these disease activity measures, indices, questionnaires, and criteria. Inclusion of a reference in this bibliography should not be construed as an endorsement by the ACR, except as indicated otherwise. This bibliography is not intended to be exhaustive; however, new references will be added from time to time.

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• General Health Questionnaire (GHQ):
  Goldberg DP, Williams P. Users' guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor (UK): NFER-Nelson; 1988.
• Genetic Linkage and Logarithm of Odds (LOD) Scores:
  Lander E, Kruglyak L. Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results. Nat Genet 1995;11:241-7.
• Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS):
  • GDS:
    Yesavage JA, Brink TL. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 1983;17:37–49.
  • Short Form GDS (S-GDS):
    Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clin Gerontol 1986;5:165–73.
• Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), ACR Criteria (GCA criteria) (GCA criteria tree format):
  Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Stevens MB, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1122-8.
• Goldman's Cecil Medicine (previously known as Cecil Textbook of Medicine):
  Goldman L, Schafer AI, editors. Goldman's Cecil medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011.
• Gout
  • ACR Preliminary Criteria:
    Wallace SL, Robinson H, Masi AT, Decker JL, McCarty DJ, Yu TF. Preliminary criteria for the classification of the acute arthritis of primary gout. Arthritis Rheum 1977;20:895–900.
  • Quality of Care Indicators for Gout Management:
    Mikuls TR, MacLean CH, Olivieri J, Patino F, Allison JJ, Farrar JT, et al. Quality of care indicators for gout management. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:937–43.
  • Radiographic Damage Index for Chronic Gout:
    Dalbeth N, Clark B, McQueen F, Doyle A, Taylor W. Validation of a radiographic damage index in chronic gout. Arthritis Rheum 2007;57:1067–73.
• Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA), ACR Criteria:
  • 1990 Criteria (WG criteria) (WG criteria tree format):
    Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Hunder GG, Arend WP, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1101-7.
  • 2011 Name Change from WG to GPA:
    Falk RJ, Gross WL, Guillevin L, Hoffman GS, Jayne DR, Jennette JC, et al, for the American College of Rheumatology, the American Society of Nephrology, and the European League Against Rheumatism. Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: an alternative name for Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63:863–4.
• Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS):
  Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960;23:56-62.
• Harris Hip Score:
  Harris WH. Traumatic arthritis of the hip after dislocation and acetabular fractures: treatment by mold arthroplasty: an end-result study using a new method of result evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1969;51:737–55.
• Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine:
  Longo DL, Kasper DL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
• Harrison’s Rheumatology:
  Fauci AS, Langford CA, editors. Harrison’s rheumatology. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2010.
• Headache, International Headache Society Classification Criteria:
  Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias and facial pain. Cephalalgia 1988;8 Suppl 7:1–96.
• Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ):
  • HAQ:
    Fries JF, Spitz P, Kraines RG, Holman HR. Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1980;23:137-45.
  • HAQ-II:
    Wolfe F, Michaud K, Pincus T. Development and Validation of the Health Assessment Questionnaire II: a revised version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:3296–305.
  • Modified HAQ (M-HAQ):
    Pincus T, Summey JA, Soraci SA Jr, Wallston KA, Hummon NP. Assessment of patient satisfaction in activities of daily living using a modified Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire. Arthritis Rheum 1983;26:1346-53.
  • Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MD-HAQ):
    Pincus T, Swearingen C, Wolfe F. Toward a multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ): assessment of advanced activities of daily living and psychological status in the patient-friendly Health Assessment Questionnaire format. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:2220–30.
  • British Modification of the HAQ:
    Kirwan JR, Reeback JS. Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire modified to assess disability in British patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1986;25:206-9.
  • Dutch Modification of the HAQ (D-HAQ):
    Siegert C, Vleming LJ, Vandenbroucke JP, Cats A. Measurement of disability in Dutch rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol 1984;3:305-9.
  • French Version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (F-HAQ):
    Guillemin F, Braincon S, Pourel J. Measurement of functional capacity in rheumatoid polyarthritis: a French adaptation of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 1991;58:459–65. In French.
  • Childhood HAQ (C-HAQ):
    Singh G, Athreya BH, Fries JF, Goldsmith DP. Measurement of health status in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:1761-9.
  • Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ):
    Steen VD, Medsger TA Jr. The value of the Health Assessment Questionnaire and special patient-generated scales to demonstrate change in systemic sclerosis patients over time. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1984–91.
  • French Version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire for Scleroderma (SSc HAQ):
    Georges C, Chassany O, Mouthon L, Tiev K, Toledano C, Meyer O, et al. Validation of French version of the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SSc HAQ). Clin Rheumatol 2005;24:3–10.
• Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP), ACR Criteria (HSP criteria) (HSP criteria tree format):
  Mills JA, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Hunder GG, Arend WP, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1114-21.
• Hip and Knee Replacements, Economic Burden in the US:
  Kim S. Changes in surgical loads and economic burden of hip and knee replacements in the US: Arthritis Rheum 2008;59:481–8.
• Hogan Classification of Uveitis:
  Hogan MJ, Kimura SJ, Thygeson P. Signs and symptoms of uveitis and anterior uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1959;47:155–70.
• Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS):
  Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67:361–70.
• Human T lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), CDC Criteria:
  Centers for Disease Control. Classification system for human T-lymphotropic virus type III lymphadenopathy-associated virus infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1986;35:334-9.
• Hypersensitivity Vasculitis (HSV), ACR Criteria (HSV criteria) (HSV criteria tree format) (HSV criteria tree format subsets):
  Calabrese LH, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Arend WP, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of hypersensitivity vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1108-13.
• Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies, International Consensus Guidelines for Trials of Therapies:
  Oddis CV, Rider LG, Reed AM, Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Koneru B, et al, for the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group. International consensus guidelines for trials of therapies in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:2607–15.
• Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ):
  Pilowsky I, Sence ND. Manual for the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ). 2nd ed. Adelaide (Australia): University of Adelaide; 1983.
• International Affective Picture System (IAPS):
  Lang PJ, Bradley MM, Cuthbert BN. International Affective Picture System (IAPS): technical manual and affective ratings. Gainesville (FL): University of Florida Center for Research in Psychophysiology; 1997.
• International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) Classification System for the Histologic Assessment of Cartilage Repair:
  
  • ICRS I:
    Mainil-Varlet P, Aigner T, Brittberg M, Bullough P, Hollander A, Hunziker E, et al. Histological assessment of cartilage repair: a report by the Histology Endpoint Committee of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS). J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85A Suppl 2:1–141.
  • ICRS II:
    Mainil-Varlet P, Van Damme B, Nesic D, Knutsen G, Kandel R, Roberts S. A new histology scoring system for the assessment of the quality of human cartilage repair: ICRS II. Am J Sports Med 2010;38:880–90.
• International HapMap Consortium [Haplotype Map of the Human Genome]:
  The International HapMap Consortium. A haplotype map of the human genome. Nature 2005;437:1299–320.
• Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL):
  Cohen S, Mermelstein R, Kamarck T, Hoberman HM. Measuring the functional components of social support. In: Sarason IG, Sarason BR, editors. Social support: theory, research, and applications. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff; 1985. p. 73-94.
• Jones Criteria for Rheumatic Fever:
  Special Writing Group of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young of the American Heart Association. Guidelines for the diagnosis of rheumatic fever: Jones criteria, 1992 update. JAMA 1992;268:2069-73.
• Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS):
  Consolaro A, Ruperto N, Bazso A, Pistorio A, Magni-Manzoni S, Filocamo G, et al, for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. Development and validation of a composite disease activity score for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2009;61:658–66.
• Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Report (JAFAR):
  Howe S, Levinson J, Shear E, Hartner S, McGirr G, Schulte M, et al. Development of a disability measurement tool for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: the Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Report for Children and Their Parents. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34:873-80.
• Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Scale (JAFAS):
  Lovell DJ, Howe S, Shear E, Hartner S, McGirr G, Schulte M, et al. Development of a disability measurement tool for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: the Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Scale. Arthritis Rheum 1989;32:1390-5.
• Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Criteria [also called the ILAR Criteria for JIA]:
  • Criteria for JIA:
    • ILAR Criteria 1997:
      Petty RE, Southwood TR, Baum J, Bhettay E, Glass DN, Manners P, et al. Revision of the proposed classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Durban, 1997. J Rheumatol 1998;25:1991–4.
    • ILAR Criteria 2001 Update:
      Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, Baum J, Glass DN, Goldenberg J, et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol 2004;31:390–2.
  • Disease Activity Assessments in JIA:
    • ACR Provisional Criteria for Defining Clinically Inactive Disease in Categories of JIA:
      Wallace CA, Giannini EH, Huang B, Itert L, Ruperto N, for the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA), the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group (PRCSG), and the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO). American College of Rheumatology provisional criteria for defining clinical inactive disease in select categories of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011;63:929–36.
    • Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Using 21 Numbered Circles for Use in JIA [i.e., "the 21-circle VAS"]:
      Filocamo G, Davi S, Pistorio A, Bertamino M, Ruperto N, Lattanzi B, et al. Evaluation of 21-numbered circle and 10-centimeter horizontal line visual analog scales for physician and parent subjective ratings in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2010;37:1534–41.
  • Treatment of JIA:
    • ACR Recommendations for Treatment of JIA:
      Beukelman T, Patkar NM, Saag KG, Tolleson-Rinehart S, Cron RQ, DeWitt EM, et al. 2011 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: initiation and safety monitoring of therapeutic agents for the treatment of arthritis and systemic features. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011;63:465–82.
    • Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Consensus Treatment Plans for New-Onset Systemic JIA:
      Dewitt EM, Kimura Y, Beukelman T, Nigrovic PA, Onel K, Prahalad S, et al, on behalf of the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Disease-Specific Research Committee of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance. Consensus treatment plans for new-onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012:64:1001–10.
• Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA):
  • Criteria for JRA:
    • ACR 1977 Criteria for JRA:
      Brewer EJ Jr, Bass J, Baum J, Cassidy JT, Fink C, Jacobs J, et al. Current proposed revision of JRA criteria. Arthritis Rheum 1977;20 Suppl 2:195-9.
    • ACR 1986 Reassessment of the Criteria for JRA:
      Cassidy JT, Levinson JE, Bass JC, Baum J, Brewer EJ Jr, Fink CW, et al. A study of classification criteria for a diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:274-81.
    • Improvement and Outcome In JRA:
      • Preliminary Definition of Improvement in JRA [the JRA 30% definition of improvement; also called the "ACR Pediatric 30" criteria]:
        Giannini EH, Ruperto N, Ravelli A, Lovell DJ, Felson DT, Martini A. Preliminary definition of improvement in juvenile arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1202–9.
      • Preliminary Core Set of Outcome Variables in JRA Clinical Trials:
        Giannini EH, Lovell DJ, Felson DT, Goldsmith CH. Preliminary core set of outcome variables for use in JRA clinical trials [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37 Suppl 9:S428.
• Kawasaki disease (KD):
  • Criteria for KD:
    • American Heart Association 2001 Diagnostic Criteria:
      Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease of the American Heart Association. Diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease. Circulation 2001;103:335–6.
    • American Heart Association 2004 Revised Criteria for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-Term Management of KD:
      Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Gerber MA, Gewitz MH, Tani LY, Burns JC, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association [published erratum appears in Pediatrics 2005;115:1118]. Pediatrics 2004;114:1708–33.
    • Kawasaki Disease Research Committee of Japan 1984 Diagnostic Guidelines:
      Research Committee on Kawasaki Disease. Report of Subcommittee on Standardization of Diagnostic Criteria and Reporting of Coronary Artery Lesions in Kawasaki Disease. Tokyo: Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; 1984.
    • Kawasaki Disease Research Committee of Japan 2005 Diagnostic Guidelines Update:
      Ayusawa M, Sonobe T, Uemura S, Ogawa S, Nakamura Y, Kiyosawa N, et al. Revision of diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease (the 5th revised edition). Pediatr Int 2005;47:232–4.
• Kelley’s Textbook of Rheumatology:
  Firestein GS, Budd RC, Harris ED Jr, McInnes IB, Ruddy S, Sergent JS, editors.  Kelley’s textbook of rheumatology.  8th ed.  Philadelphia:  Saunders; 2008.
• Companion to Kelley’s Textbook of Rheumatology:
  Weisman MH, Weinblatt ME, Louie JS, editors. Treatment of the rheumatic diseases: companion to Kelley’s textbook of rheumatology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2001.
• Koshino Staging of Osteonecrosis (ON) Lesions on Radiographs:
  Koshino T. The treatment of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee by high tibial osteotomy with and without bone-grafting or drilling of the lesion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1982;64:47–58.
• Lansbury Index for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA):
  Lansbury J. Quantitation of activity of rheumatoid arthritis: method for summation of systemic indices of rheumatoid activity. Am J Med Sci 1956;232:300-17.
• Low Back Pain Measures:
  • North American Spine Society (NASS) Lumbar Spine Outcome Assessment:
    Daltroy LH, Cats-Baril WL, Katz JN, Fossel AH, Liang MH. The North American Spine Society Lumbar Spine Outcome Assessment instrument: reliability and validity tests. Spine 1996;21:741-9.
  • Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire:
    Fairbank JC, Couper J, Davies JB, O'Brien JP. The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability questionnaire. Physiotherapy 1980;66:271-3.
  • Multinational Musculoskeletal Inception Cohort Study (MMICS) Proposed Core Set of Factors for Prospective Cohorts with Low Back Pain:
    Pincus T, Santos R, Breen A, Burton AK, Underwood M, for the Multinational Musculoskeletal Inception Cohort Study Collaboration. A review and proposal for a core set of factors for prospective cohorts in low back pain: a consensus statement. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59:14–24.

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