This resource is continually developed as additional references, links, and downloadable files become available for inclusion.

Note that the American College of Rheumatology is not the originator of many of these disease activity measures, indices, questionnaires, and criteria. Inclusion of a reference in this bibliography should not be construed as an endorsement by the ACR, except as indicated otherwise. This bibliography is not intended to be exhaustive; however, new references will be added from time to time.

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• Beck Depression Inventory (BDI):
  Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561-71.
• Behçet's Disease (BD):
  • BD Criteria:
    International Study Group for Behçet's Disease. Evaluation of diagnostic ('classification') criteria in Behçet's disease-towards internationally agreed criteria. Br J Rheumatol 1992;31:299-308.
    or
    International Study Group for Behçet's Disease. Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet's disease. Lancet 1990;335:1078-80.
  • European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Recommendations for Management of BD:
    Hatemi G, Silman A, Bang D, Bodaghi B, Chamberlain AM, Gul A, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of Behçet disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:1656–62.
• Bland and Altman Method for Assessing Clinical Agreement:
  Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of measurement. Lancet 1986;1:307-10.
• Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D):
  Radloff L. The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1977;1:385-401.
• Childhood Myositis Disease Activity Assessments:
  • Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS):
    • CMAS Part I, Global Assessments:
      Rider LG, Feldman BM, Perez MD, Rennebohm RM, Lindsley CB, Zemel LS, et al, in cooperation with the Juvenile Dermatomyositis Disease Activity Collaborative Study Group. Development of validated disease activity and damage indices for the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. I. Physician, parent, and patient global assessments. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1976-83.
    • CMAS Part II, Muscle Function:
      Lovell DJ, Lindsley CB, Rennebohm RM, Ballinger SH, Bowyer SL, Giannini EH, et al, in cooperation with the Juvenile Dermatomyositis Disease Activity Collaborative Study Group. Development of validated disease activity and damage indices for the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. II. The Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS): a quantitative tool for the evaluation of muscle function. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:2213-9.
  • Disease Activity Score for Juvenile Dermatomyositis [DM] [with skin DAS and muscle DAS subscales. Referred to as “the DAS for juvenile DM” to distinguish this from the DAS/DAS28]:
    Bode RK, Klein-Gitelman MS, Miller ML, Lechman TS, Pachman LM. Disease Activity Score for children with juvenile dermatomyositis: reliability and validity evidence. Arthritis Rheum 2003;49:7–15.
  • PRINTO/ACR/EULAR Provisional Core Set of Disease Activity Measures for Response to Therapy in Juvenile Dermatomyositis (DM):
    Ruperto N, Ravelli A, Pistorio A, Ferriani V, Calvo I, Ganser G, et al for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) and the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group (PRCSG). The provisional Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation/American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism disease activity core set for the evaluation of response to therapy in juvenile dermatomyositis: a prospective validation study. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59:4–13.
• Chronic Illness Resources Survey (CIRS):
  Glasgow RE, Strycker LA, Toobert DJ, Eakin E. A social-ecologic approach to assessing support for disease self-management: the Chronic Illness Resources Survey. J Behav Med 2000;23:559-83.
• Churg-Strauss Syndrome (CSS):
  • Criteria for CSS:
    • ACR Criteria for CSS (CSS criteria) (CSS criteria tree format):
      Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Arend WP, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1094-100.
    • Hammersmith Criteria for CSS:
      Lanham JG, Elkon KB, Pusey CD, Hughes GR. Systemic vasculitis in asthma and eosinophilia: a clinical approach to the Churg Strauss syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 1984;63:65-81.
• Clinical Care in the Rheumatic Diseases (the "Clinical Care Text"):
  Bartlett SJ, Bingham CO III, Maricic MJ, Iversen MD, Ruffing V, editors. Clinical care in the rheumatic diseases. 3rd ed. Atlanta: Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals; 2006.
• Clinical Trials in Rheumatology (a summary of important studies in the field):
  Mueller R, von Kempis J. Clinical trials in rheumatology. New York: Springer; 2010.
• Cockcroft-Gault Method of Determining Creatinine Clearance and Glomerular Filtration Rate:
  Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31–41.
• Collins/McElligott Grading of Osteoarthritis (OA):
  Collins DH, McElligott TF. Sulphate uptake by chondrocytes in relation to histological changes in osteoarthritic human articular cartilage. Ann Rheum Dis 1960;19:318-30.
• Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Types I and II (CRPS I and CRPS II):
  Stanton-Hicks M, Janig W, Hassenbusch S, Haddox JD, Boas R, Wilson P. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: changing concepts and taxonomy. Pain 1995;63:127–33.
  or
  Harden RN, Bruehl S, Galer BS, Saltz S, Bertram M, Backonja M, et al. Complex regional pain syndrome: are the IASP diagnostic criteria valid and sufficiently comprehensive? Pain 1999;83:211–9.
• Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ):
  Rosenstiel AK, Keefe FJ. The use of coping strategies in low-back patients: relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. Pain 1983;17:33-44.
• Croft Scoring System for Radiographic Hip Osteoarthritis:
  Croft P, Cooper C, Wickham C, Coggon D. Defining osteoarthritis of the hip for epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:514–22.
• Cryoglobulinemic Syndrome:
  • Classification of the Cryoglobulinemic Syndrome:
    Invernizzi F, Pietrogrande M, Sagmoso B. Classification of the cryoglobulinemic syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995;13 Suppl 13:S123–8.
  • 2011 Preliminary Classification Criteria for the Cryoglobulinemic Syndrome:
    De Vita S, Soldano F, Isola M, Monti G, Gabrielli A, Tzioufas A, et al. Preliminary classification criteria for the cryoglobulinaemic syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:1183–90.
• Declaration of Helsinki:
  World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.
  URL: www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV):
  American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
• Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH):
  Resnick D, Shaul SR, Robins JM. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH): Forestier's disease with extraspinal manifestations. Radiology 1975;115:513–24.
• Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Outcome Questionnaire:
  • DASH:
    Hudak PL, Amadio PC, Bombardier C, for the Upper Extremity Collaborative Group (UECG). Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand). Am J Ind Med 1996;29:602-8.
  • Swedish Modification of the DASH:
    Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Andersson B, Dahlgren E, Johansson A. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) outcome questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Swedish version evaluated in 176 patients. Acta Orthop Scand 2000;71:613-8.
• du Montcel Classification of HLA–DRB1 Alleles (see Tezenas du Montcel Classification of HLA–DRB1 Alleles)
• Dubois’ Lupus Erythematosus:
  Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, editors. Dubois’ lupus erythematosus. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.
• Dupuytren's Contracture; Dupuytren's Disease (see Unité Rhumatologique des Affections de la Main (URAM) Scale for Assessing Disability in Dupuytren's Disease)
• Epidemiology of the Rheumatic Diseases:
  Silman AJ, Hochberg MC, editors. Epidemiology of the rheumatic diseases. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.
• EuroQol, A Quality of Life Visual Analog Scale for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA):
  Hurst NP, Kind P, Ruta D, Hunter M, Stubbings A. Measuring health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: validity, responsiveness and reliability of EuroQol (EQ-5D). Br J Rheumatol 1997;36:551-9.
• Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (also called Kurtzke’s EDSS):
  Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983;33:1444–52.
• Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) Criteria:
  Livneh A, Langevitz P, Zemer D, Zaks N, Kees S, Lidar T, et al. Criteria for the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1879-85.
  • Tel Hashomer Criteria for FMF:
    Pras M, Kastner DL. Familial Mediterranean fever. In: Klippel JH, Dieppe PA, editors. Rheumatology. 2nd ed. London: Mosby; 1997. p. 23.1–23.4.
  • Criteria for FMF in Childhood:
    Yalcinkaya F, Ozen S, Ozcakar ZB, Aktay N, Cakar N, Duzova A, et al: A new set of criteria for the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever in childhood. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009;48:395–8.
• Fibromyalgia (FM):
  • ACR 1990 Criteria for FM:
    Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg DL, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia: report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:160-72.
  • ACR 2010 Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria and Measurement of Symptom Severity in FM:
    Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, FitzCharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Katz RS, Mease P, et al. The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010;62:600–10.
  • Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ):
    Burckhardt CS, Clark SR, Bennett RM. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire: development and validation. J Rheumatol 1991;18:728-34.
• Functional Disability Inventory (FDI):
  Wolfe F, Kleinheksel SM, Cathey MA, Hawley DJ, Spitz PW, Fries JF. The clinical value of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Functional Disability Index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1988;15:1480-8.
• Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT-F) Subscale [This is a subscale of the original Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) measurement system. The system has since been expanded and renamed FACIT]:
  Cella D, Yount S, Sorensen M, Chartash E, Sengupta N, Grober J. Validation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale relative to other instrumentation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2005;32:811–9.
• Functional Status Index (FSI):
  Jette AM. Functional Status Index: reliability of a chronic disease evaluation instrument. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1980;61:395-401.
• Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ):
  Jette AM, Davies AR, Cleary PD, Calkins DR, Rubenstein LV, Fink A, et al. The Functional Status Questionnaire: reliability and validity when used in primary care. J Gen Intern Med 1986;1:143-9.

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